虚拟语气的评价意义

本文从态度、介入和分级意义三个方面分析虚拟语气的评价意义。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话者的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等不可能的事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。通过虚拟语气表达的是强烈的愿望、失落、遗憾、不满等情感意义和对事物作出的关于其价值的鉴赏意义，以及关于人的行为的判定意义。     

从关联理论看话语标记语的语用制约性

关联理论的认知原则和交际原则突显了语境的重要性，为探讨语言形式与语用理解之间的关系提供了一个很好的理论框架。根据该理论，从话语生成与理解的认知性解释可以看出话语标记语的语用制约性．也就是说话语的生成与理解是一个相互制约的过程。     

The impact of relational markers on expository text comprehension in L1 and L2

This article reports on an experimentinvestigating the impact of causal discoursemarkers (connectives and signaling phrases) onthe comprehension of expository texts in L1 andL2. Although several psycholinguistic studieshave investigated the impact of connectives andlexical markers of text structure oncomprehension (i.e. off-line), there is noconsensus on the exact effect of explicitdiscourse markers on text understanding; threedifferent findings are reported in theliterature: markers would have a facilitatingeffect, an interfering effect or no effect atall. The first goal of this article is toclarify this problem of contradicting resultsby limiting the scope of the study to causalrelations, and to one specific text type:expository texts. Furthermore, the naturalnessof the experimental texts was controlled,readers did not need specific backgroundknowledge to understand the texts and theexperimental method consisted of open answerquestioning. Our second goal is to investigateto what extent a supposed effect of linguisticmarking depends on readers proficiency in afirst or second language.The experiment consisted in the reading of short expository texts in two languages, Dutchand French, which both functioned as L1 and L2.The results indicate that readers benefit fromthe presence of causal relational markers bothin L1 and in L2. Implications for (theoriesof) text processing are discussed, as well asfor the further insights in readingcomprehension in L1 and L2.     

解读Quirk看“虚拟”--兼答刘礼进先生

从Quirk等有关虚拟语式重要性方面的观点的变化着手,探讨了“两型说”及其起源、Quirk等与章振邦等在类型划分上的异同、“两型说”的缺陷及刘礼进(2001)对Quirk等的误读,并指出,作为虚拟语式重要特征的“句法从属性”是客观存在,无法否认的。在解答刘礼进(2001)有关问题时,作者对“后时虚拟式”的最早观点作了部分修正,提出：“命令虚拟式”体现“语境后时”,“程式虚拟式”体现“意念后时”。     

Role of CD97stalk and CD55 as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients

Objectives: To explore the mechanism of development and aggressiveness in gastric carcinomas by investigating the expression and role of CD97 and its cellular ligand CD55 in gastric carcinomas. Methods: Tumor and corresponding normal mucosal tissue, collected from 39 gastric carcinoma patients, were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for the expression of CD97 and CD55. Results: CD97stalk was strongly stained on scattered tumor cells or small tumor cell clusters at the invasion front of gastric carcinomas. The expression of CD97stalk was frequently observed in tumors of stage Ⅰ and T1 gastric carcinoma patients. The expression of CD97stalk between Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ specimens showed significant difference (P＜0.05), between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens also showed significant difference (P＜0.05). Specimens with tumor invasion depth limited in mucosa of T 1 specimens showed higher positive CD55 expression than specimens with the same tumor invasion depth in T2, T3, T4 specimens, the expression of CD55 between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens was significantly different (P＜0.05).There was strong correlation between the distribution patterns of CD97stalk and CD55 on tumor tissues (r=0.73, P＜0.05). Signet ring cell carcinomas frequently contained strong CD97stalk and CD55-staining. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CD97stalk is probably involved in the growth, invasion and aggressiveness of gastric carcinomas by binding its cellular ligand CD55. CD97stalk and CD55 could be useful as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients.     

虚拟结构的语用分析

虚拟语气在英语学习中是一项比较难掌握的语法形式 ,因为它主要是以动词形式的变化来表达句义的。通过虚拟语气的用法 ,把语义逻辑及结构特点等语法问题与语用结合。通过语用分析 ,了解语言环境是制约虚拟语气在应用中的一个因素 ,提出虚拟结构的语用功能     

虚拟仪器技术在电子线路实验中的研究

简要介绍虚拟仪器技术,虚拟仪器系统构成及其特点,并通过电子线路实验的实例,为实验教学仪器发展的研究开辟了新途径     

高梁分子遗传图谱研究进展

本文从临时性作图群体和永久性作图群体两方面概述了高粱分子标记遗传图谱的研究进展,比较了不同分子标记和不同作图群体在高粱图谱构建上的差异,展望了高粱遗传图谱的研究方向.     

基于PCR技术的RGAP分子标记研究进展

基于PCR技术的RGAP分子标记,由于其本身所具有的特点和优越性爱到大家的广泛关注,为近年来分子生物学领域的研究开辟了一个新途径.目前主要应用在克隆和定位抗病基因、分子标记辅助育种、系统植物学研究等方面.本文就RGAP法的基本原理、优越性、目前研究的现状、进展以及研究中还存在的问题分别作以阐述,以期使人们对此标记有个系统的认识.     

《红楼梦》中“也”、“就”、“又”的语用功能分析

《红楼梦》中"也"、"就"、"又"这些起到语用标记的词在文章脉络发展,反映人类对话语控制,体现人类元语用意识等方面起到了一定的作用。人类对自己的话语会进行有意识地监控,以便更好地传达信息、交流沟通,让听话人明白自己的目的、态度,而这种元语用意识就通过这些小品词体现了出来。