运动影响胰岛素抵抗的机制

随着分子生物学的发展,对胰岛素抵抗机制的认识也在逐渐深入,同时也促进了体育运动影响胰岛素抵抗的机制研究,本文从受体前、受体和受体后三个水平综述体育运动影响胰岛素抵抗的机制.旨在为利用科学的体育锻炼手段进行防病治病提供理论依据,也为这一领域的进一步研究的提供参考.     

“自我认同”的动力、阻力和压力及其关系研究

“自我认同”的发展过程中并非一条直线而是一条曲线，这是不同性质的力起作用的结果。“自我认同”的动力是推动“自我认同”趋向和谐一致的力；“自我认同”的阻力是阻碍自我在一致性进程中发展的力；“自我认同”压力是规制认同发展方向实现可能自我的力。这三者相互作用、相互转化，使得人的社会生活呈现出一幅生动的历史辩证画卷。     

“加阻力牵引训练”法对提高足球运动员奔跑能力的实验

本文以大学生足球运动员为实验对象。分试验组和对照组进行了两阶段60天的60米跑“加阻力牵引训练”,经统计分析,可知这种训练法对提高奔跑能力有积极意义。     

24周运动对肥胖绝经妇女血清瘦素水平的影响及与脂代谢的关系

目的:研究24周不同方式的规律运动对肥胖绝经妇女(52.5±3.10岁,BMI:27.65±1.45)血清瘦素的影响,及其与体成分、脂代谢变化的关系。方法:46名受试者随机分成3组[有氧练习组(AER),有氧加抗阻练习组(AER RES),控制组(CON)]进行24周的训练。AER组每周3次,每次70 min,60%～70%HRmax强度,AER RES组运动方案与AER组基本相似,只是在基本部分进行20min抗阻练习。实验前、后测量形态学指标、血脂、胰岛素、瘦素等。结果:实验后两个运动组的体脂百分比、BMI、体脂含量、体重、WHR显著下降,甘油三酯显著下降,而HDL-C显著上升;胰岛素水平出现非常显著的下降,AER组下降10.63%(P<0.05),AER RES组下降19.90%(P<0.01);AER组瘦素水平显著下降,而AER RES组则没有显著变化;CON组所有指标都没有良性的变化。运动后瘦素水平的变化量与体脂百分比、WHR及体重的变化量显著相关;运动后体重下降大的(≥3 kg)受试对象与体重未下降者相比,瘦素水平有非常显著性的下降。结论:24周运动改善了肥胖妇女的体成分和血脂,而瘦素水平的变化与体重变化密切相关。     

赛艇兴波阻力的计算

回顾了船舶兴波阻力计算的发展历程,采用Michell积分计算赛艇兴波阻力是比较理想的。通过对两条双人赛艇和一条单人艇的计算及分析表明:赛艇的兴波阻力随速度的增加会出现阻力的"峰点"和"谷点"。较高的速度有利于专项技术的训练,中等速度有利于专项力量的训练,速度太低,训练就不会达到很理想的效果。     

寡聚糖激发子诱导杨树抗溃疡病的生化机制

用已筛选的3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3分别诱导毛白杨愈伤组织,以加无菌水为对照,并在诱导48 h后挑战接种杨树溃疡病菌,测定毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3诱导48 h后接种杨树溃疡病菌,毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶和几丁质酶活性均呈单峰曲线变化,并且变化趋势基本上满足:A1>B>C3>CK(对照接种),而抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化为:在发病初期和中期(0-48 h)诱导接种毛白杨愈伤组织均高于对照接种,而在发病后期(t>48 h)对照接种毛白杨愈伤组织高于诱导接种,因此,可以得出寡聚糖激发子A1的诱导抗病性比寡聚糖激发子B和C3都强。     

Abdominal Obesity Associated with Elevated Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Activity,Insulin Resistance and Reduced High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels

Abdominal obesity (AO) has a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between AO and elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, insulin resistance and the serum lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in AO and non-AO women subjects. A total of 500 AO subjects (age 49.1 ± 10.5 years), and 142 non-AO women subjects (age 49.9 ± 11.9 years) were enrolled for the general biochemistry tests, serum BChE, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Body mass index, waist circumference, Blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), BChE, insulin, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in AO subjects (p < 0.05). Waist circumference was significantly correlated with BP, Glu, TG, BChE, insulin and HOMA-IR in AO subjects. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that AO was associated with elevated BChE, HOMA-IR, hypertension and reduced HDL-C after adjusting for these variables. AO is associated with elevated BChE, insulin resistance, HT and reduced HDL-C. These may predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be associated with cognitive disorder in the future, both are mediated through insulin resistance.     

通窍活血汤合泽泻汤加减治疗眩晕临床观察

目的:观察通窍活血汤合泽泻汤治疗痰瘀互阻型眩晕临床疗效.方法:将83例痰瘀互阻型眩晕患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,治疗1月后,观察两组临床疗效.结果:治疗组总有效率为85.71%,对照组总有效率为68.29%,两组疗效比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:通窍活血汤合泽泻汤治疗痰瘀互阻型眩晕疗效满意,值得临床应用.     

CRP,but not TNF-α or IL-6, decreases after weight loss in patients with morbid obesity exposed to intensive weight reduction and balneological treatment

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy.

Methods

The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of >40 kg/m². Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of ≤24.9 kg/m².

Results

In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4% reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concentration of CRP, but no change in TNF-α or IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.