光合作用能量代谢的分子机理与调控研究进展

对目前在分子水平上研究光合作用的能量代谢及调控的机理进展情况作了综述。     

脱氢表雄酮对鸡脂质代谢的调节与抗氧化作用的研究

研究DHEA对淮南王鸡脂质代谢与抗氧化的影响。240只8日龄健康雏鸡随机分为4组:对照组(饲喂基础饲料)以及试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(分别饲喂含有5、15和45 mg DHEA/kg的饲料)。42和56日龄各组随机抽取发育正常的12只个体,空腹称重,按常规方法屠宰,测定肝脏、腹脂、皮下脂肪相对重以及胸肌、腿肌肌内脂肪含量,并测定56日龄时血清丙二醛(MDA)、葡萄糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)活性等。结果显示:在42日龄,试验Ⅱ组肝脏以及试验III组腹脂、皮下脂肪相对重显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在56日龄,试验Ⅱ组肝脏、腹脂相对重以及试验Ⅲ组的腹脂、皮下脂肪相对重皆显著降低(P<0.05);DHEA处理有降低血糖、血脂的趋势,其中试验Ⅱ组血清血糖、TC、TG和VLDL含量均显著低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清LPL活性显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清HL活性显著增加(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),而T-AOC水平显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:DHEA具有降低鸡的脂质代谢和增强抗氧化的作用。     

2型糖尿病中葡萄糖代谢异常的研究进展

葡萄糖代谢异常是2型糖尿病的主要病理生理改变,胰岛素依赖性和非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖代谢通路的多个环节发生了异常改变,阐明2型糖尿病葡萄糖代谢异常的分子机制,对糖尿病的治疗和预防具有重大意义。     

2型糖尿病中葡萄糖代谢异常的研究进展

葡萄糖代谢异常是2型糖尿病的主要病理生理改变,胰岛素依赖性和非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖代谢通路的多个环节发生了异常改变,阐明2型糖尿病葡萄糖代谢异常的分子机制,对糖尿病的治疗和预防具有重大意义。     

脐橙汁在冷藏中的品质变化研究

研究了脐橙汁在8℃冷藏中pH值、糖度和荧光性质的变化规律.结果表明:脐橙汁随冷藏时间的延长,pH值、糖度和荧光强度均呈现出先略有增大后逐渐降低的变化规律.对研究脐橙汁的保鲜与加工有一定指导意义.     

体能主导类耐力性项群运动性疲劳特征与消除措施的研究

从能量代谢的视角分析体能主导类耐力性项群疲劳的特征,指出能源物质的消耗、代谢产物乳酸堆积和pH下降、体液减少和无机盐丢失是该项群发生疲劳的主要原因,并针对性地提出疲劳恢复的主要措施．体能主导类耐力性项群的训练和比赛由于运动强度、运动时间的不同,产生疲劳的机制也不尽相同,只有真正了解体能主导类耐力性项群疲劳产生的原因,才能正确、有针对性地消除运动性疲劳,提高运动成绩．     

基于能值分析的资源型城市新陈代谢水平评价——以石嘴山市为例

城市新陈代谢注重分析城市资源与能源流动过程,这为探讨资源型城市可持续发展提供了新的视角。文章以石嘴山市为例,运用能值分析方法核算2000-2013年石嘴山市各能值组成部分,通过构建代谢通量、代谢结构、能值货币比、代谢密度、代谢强度和代谢效率等指标评价石嘴山市新陈代谢水平,继而为石嘴山可持续发展提供政策建议。研究发现,石嘴山市代谢通量不断提高,但其增长率逐年降低;虽对外界环境的依赖程度逐渐提高,但当前城市经济发展仍高度依赖于不可更新资源的大量消耗;石嘴山市能值货币比逐渐下降,城市开发程度不断加大,但石嘴山市人均能值占用增长速度逐渐减少,能值利用上存在巨大的浪费,集约化程度较低,且土地经济投入粗放不紧凑,代谢强度和代谢密度难以提高;城市经济效率持续下降,而资源效率与环境效率并未得到有效的提升,这导致石嘴山市代谢效率不断下降。最后从产业转型升级、循环经济与城市土地合理利用三个角度,对提高石嘴山市城市新陈代谢机能提出建议。     

Effects of different cooking methods on health-promoting compounds of broccoli

The effects of five domestic cooking methods, including steaming, microwaving, boiling, stir-frying, and stir-frying followed by boiling (stir-frying/boiling), on the nutrients and health-promoting compounds of broccoli were investigated. The results show that all cooking treatments, except steaming, caused significant losses of chlorophyll and vitamin C and significant decreases of total soluble proteins and soluble sugars. Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates were significantly modified by all cooking treatments but not by steaming. In general, the steaming led to the lowest loss of total glucosinolates, while stir-frying and stir-frying/boiling presented the highest loss. Stir-frying and stir-frying/boiling, the two most popular methods for most homemade dishes in China, cause great losses of chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, and glucosinolates, but the steaming method appears the best in retention of the nutrients in cooking broccoli. Project supported by the High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (No. 2008AA10Z111), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30320974), the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation of China (No. 104034), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in the University of China (No. NCET-05-0516)     

模拟低氧组合训练对提高我国女子400m栏速度耐力水平的探析

运用文献资料、数理统计和逻辑归纳比较法,通过比较国内外女子400m栏优秀运动员全程跑的相关数据,分析出速度耐力储备能力较国外运动员差是我国女子400m栏优秀选手以后期待解决的主要问题,根据400m栏能量供应的特点以及目前最具代表性的三种低氧耐力训练方法分析研究,从理论与实践上比较分析出较为科学有效的提高女子400 m栏运动员速度耐力水平的训练方法-模拟低氧组合训练法,模拟低氧组合训练比高原训练及单一低氧训练的更具经济性和实效性,希望能为我国女子400 m栏的速度耐力水平训练提供一些理论参考.     

Impact of data analysis methods for maximal fat oxidation estimation during exercise in sedentary adults

Abstract

The maximal fat oxidation (MFO), and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fat_max), are considered excellent markers of fat metabolism during exercise. Besides individual’s biological characteristics (e.g. fed state, physical fitness level, sex, or age), data selection and analysis can affect MFO and Fatmax estimations, yet the effect is unknown. We investigated (i) the impact of using a pre-defined time interval on MFO and Fat_max estimation, and (ii) the impact of applying 2 different data analysis approaches (measured-values vs. polynomial-curve) on MFO and Fat_max estimations in sedentary adults. A total of 151 (97 women) sedentary adults aged 29.2?±?13.2 years old participated in the study. We assessed MFO and Fatmax through a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. We pre-defined 13 different time intervals for data analysis, and the estimation of MFO and Fat_max were performed through the measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches. There were significant differences in MFO across pre-defined time intervals methods (P?<?0.001) applying measured-values data analysis approach, while no statistical differences were observed when using polynomial-curve data analysis approach (P?=?0.077). There were no differences in Fat_max across pre-defined time intervals independently of the data analysis approach (P?≥?0.7). We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches across the time intervals methods selected (all P?≤?0.05), and no differences were observed in Fat_max (all P?≥?0.2). In conclusion, our results revealed that there are no differences in MFO and Fat_max across different time intervals methods selected using the polynomial-curve data analysis approach. We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values vs. polynomial-curve data analysis approaches in all the study time intervals, whereas no differences were detected in Fatmax. Therefore, the use of polynomial-curve data analysis approach allows to compare MFO and Fat_max using different time intervals in sedentary adults.