面向知识服务的机构知识库建设实证研究

基于数字校园信息一体化建设对应用集成、数据共享和教学科研支撑服务的需要,分析转型期高校图书     

Best Practice Irrigation Management and Extension in Peri-Urban Landscapes – Experiences and Insights from the Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment,Australia

Purpose: The aim of this article to examine key irrigation management issues and their implications for future research and extension developments.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Peri-urban landscapes are important as they supply fresh fruit, vegetables, turf, ornamental plants and other farm products to the cities. In this study, the Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment (HNC) was used as a case study and a number of farmers were selected to examine how they use the available technologies for irrigation scheduling to make better decisions for developing water management strategies on their farms. The farmers who participated in the study were mainly growing fruit, turf, vegetables, pasture, olive trees and cut flowers.

Findings: It was observed that a range of factors influenced correct irrigation scheduling decisions of farmers, including their limited understanding of the soil-water-plant relationship, costs of implementing soil-moisture monitoring technology and finding a date for irrigation activity that is compatible with their other farm tasks. It was also found that the farmers’ experiential knowledge played an important role in their irrigation scheduling decisions. The study indicated that irrigation scheduling approaches, which have a low labour requirement and are cost effective and easy to use would be helpful to farmers.

Practical Implications: The study highlighted that there are some irrigation management issues for research and extension that are specific to peri-urban farming and as such they need to be addressed to improve irrigation management and to cope with future water scarcity in urban and peri-urban landscapes.

Originality/Value: This is one of few studies that examine irrigation scheduling issues in a peri-urban context. The study has revealed that irrigation scheduling in reality cannot be an exact science, but it needs to accommodate various farmer constraints in field situations and may have implication for extension activities in peri-urban and other regions.     

Developing Indicators for a Classroom Observation Tool on Pedagogy and Technology Integration: A Delphi Study

Rapid advances in technology and increased access to technology tools have created new instructional demands and expectations on teachers. Due to the ubiquitous presence of technology in K-12 schools, teachers are being observed on both their pedagogical and technology integration practices. Applying the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPCK) framework, the purpose of this study was to determine, through the Delphi research method, a consensus among experts of what should be contained in a classroom observation tool that simultaneously facilitates evaluating pedagogy and technology integration. The study resulted in a list of 30 indicators.     

面向知识服务的机构知识库建设实证研究——以西安工程大学为例

基于数字校园信息一体化建设对应用集成、数据共享和教学科研支撑服务的需要,分析转型期高校图书馆新一代机构知识库建设的特点.结合学校不同用户的实际需求和原有机构知识库的不足之处,提出西安工程大学新一代机构知识库的改进方案,并从数据管理、系统框架、界面设计、政策机制、创新服务和应用领域等方面进行详细阐述.新平台强化数据更新、自动标引、知识关联、知识发现、科研助理工具、团队科研协作、收录被引推送、学科趋势分析、突出成果展现、集成共享等知识管理、传播和增值服务的功能,真正实现从典藏型机构知识库向知识型和服务型机构知识库的转变.     

新中国成立以来学校体育政策的演进:基于政策文本的研究

采用文献资料调研、内容分析和聚类分析等,以新中国成立以来学校体育政策演进的时间维度为轴线,运用查尔斯·林德布洛姆的渐进主义模型,对新中国成立以来学校体育政策演进的数量变化、政策主题、政策工具以及政策制定主体进行了分析。研究发现,新中国成立以来学校体育政策演进的主要特征为3个方面:1)政策演进的主题围绕着学校体育教学展开;2)政策演进的方式体现为渐进调适;3)政策演进中的溢出效应不足在于文化、社会和心理对体育认同的缺失。从提升学校体育政策的耦合度和协同效应出发,提出了促进学校体育政策优化的现实路径是,加强政策制定主体之间的协调与协同作用;关键路径是,完善学校体育政策的评估体系;根本路径是,从政策上促进人们对学校体育的文化、社会及心理认同。     

国外健康素养测评工具系统综述

[目的/意义] 健康素养是健康信息行为研究、公民健康管理实践的重要组成部分,研究国外健康素养测评工具能够为选择和构建适应我国国情的健康素养测评工具提供参考。[方法/过程] 利用系统综述方法,以Web of Science、Scopus、EBSCO、PubMed、美国健康素养数据库为数据源,根据PRISMA流程筛选出27篇论文,通过对文献内容8个方面的分析,揭示国外健康素养测评工具的内容、特征和应用情况。[结果/结论] 对27种健康素养测评工具的分析表明,客观测评工具数量最多,其中最为权威且应用最为广泛的测评工具是REALM系列量表与TOFHLA系列量表,主观测评工具中被广泛应用的是eHEALS量表,综合测评工具以HLS-EU-Q系列为典型代表;在测评主题上,27种工具都测量了个人技能,而心理因素和健康相关活动的主题则较少被关注;在测评维度上,以功能性健康素养和交流性健康素养测评工具为主。此外,本文针对健康素养测评工具的特点和适用范围提出测评工具遴选方法,提倡健康素养的测评工具的研究应以健康素养内涵的深化为前提,进一步开发与利用网络化健康素养测评工具。     

High-Tech Classrooms Need Highly Competent Instructors

The 21 st century classroom requires instructors with more advanced skills and competencies to deliver materials in a way that engages students both traditional and non-traditional. Traditional students have come to expect the incorporation of technology into their classrooms because they have grown up with it and can see its usefulness, while non-traditional students may need additional resources online in order to reinforce new concepts. By employing Web 2.0 technologies, like online video and discussion boards, into both the online and traditional on-campus classrooms, instructors can address both isolation and different learning styles, as well as address issues relating to problems with understanding concepts being taught and respond positively to feedback provided by both the students and administrators. In addition, utilizing Web 2.0 technology in the online classroom can reduce the isolation that many students feel in these classrooms by ensuring students can communicate with other students as well as the instructor.     

A strategic approach of the crucial elements for the implementation of digital tools and processes in higher education

Implementation of digital tools and processes in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as an emergent activity depends on the sociomaterial relationships between institutional factors that dynamically interact with each other. This article systematically explores through a literature review some of the most relevant and up-to-date published studies to identify the ‘important factors’ to consider for the implementation of digital tools and processes in HEI. The goal of the paper is to turn these factors, conceived initially as previous conditions or characteristics of the institutions or people, into a list of strategic elements to be fostered by HEI leadership teams to promote better implementation of digital tools and processes in their institutions. In the final part of this work, we propose a framework that reflects these elements in a visual approach that highlights the activity-centred character of the framework as well as the emergent character of the implementation process itself.     

2014年“第61届美国运动医学会年会”专栏：从ACSM第61届年会看运动促进健康实施领域的未来趋势

摘 要：运动促进健康就是在运动医学及相关学科的基础上,通过健康测评和运动素质测评,为个体制定出全面、个性化、有针对性的完整运动方案及相关建议,并指导运动训练计划的完成,从而促进和保持个体健康的过程。近十几年来,“运动促进健康”作为改变生活方式、提升健康水平的新理念和新方法,被不断提出和研究。采用文献综述的方法,结合ACSM第61届年会的热门主题,提出“音乐伴随训练”、“合理抗阻练习”和“健身移动辅助工具的应用”是运动促进健康实施领域的未来趋势和有效手段,旨在为进一步推动运动促进健康项目在我国的发展提供指导依据。     

Yes, now we can: Technological change and the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities

The paper investigates how technological change in an industry influence which individuals will identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. We propose that the introduction of new development tools will change knowledge-barriers to entry because they enable the abstraction of specialized knowledge that was previously needed for development. Empirically we test the argument using data from the web design industry in a Nordic country during the period 1992–2003. We compare the education and experience of founders before and after the introduction of web administration tools in 1998 and find a significant difference, which supports the main thesis of our argument.