探索Photoshop教学中选区的创建

使用Photoshop软件处理图像时,更多的时候是对图像的一部分而非全部进行处理。在这种情况下,就要把需要处理的图像部分与不需要处理的图像部分区分开来,也就是要在需要处理的图像部分上创建选区。     

本体评估方法研究

本体评估的意义在于保证本体的构建质量,实现对本体的有效管理与维护,从而为本体构建者提供参考依据,为本体使用者提供选择依据。本文借鉴国内外学术界相关评估理论和评估方法的研究成果,以几种国外正在研究的本体评估方法及工具为对象,对它们进行了系统的分析与比较。     

液压-机械分流传动循环功率流分析

本文分析了液压机械分流传动的循环功率特性,以及产生循环功率的原因、限制液压功率和循环功率对总传动功率的相对值N_H/N_O和N_S/N_O的影响,以提高节能效果和运行的经济性。     

Using virtual reality in the classroom: preservice teachers’ perceptions of its use as a teaching and learning tool

Virtual reality (VR) platforms act as a potentially transformative tool in learning and teaching. The aim of this study was to examine pre-service teachers’ (PST) perceptions about VR, inclusive of their beliefs about its capacity to be used as a teaching and learning tool. A case-study, conducted at an urban university in Australia involved a sample of n = 41. Participants’ positive perceptions of VR in their teaching relate to its potential to engage learners, the immersive potential of the platform and the scope of VR to offer students experiences they might otherwise not have with other learning tools. Concerns expressed by PSTs include their relatively low self-efficacy to use VR in their teaching, monitoring-related matters, financial cost and implementing the technology in a safe and supportive way. There was a significant difference in PSTs’ amount of self-efficacy to teach using VR when compared to their overall confidence to use digital technologies. PSTs typically had greater awareness of the immersive and engagement potential of VR and less awareness about its potential to foster and promote collaborative learning. This paper contributes to an emerging discourse regarding the possible applications of VR in educational environments and particularly in relation teacher-educator contexts.     

从古文字透视远古垦荒耕种农具及发展

以古文字为线索，结合考古发现、古代文献、民俗资料等多重证据，对华夏民族远古时期垦荒和耕种农具的发展演变情况作了简单的勾勒，并进一步论证了殷商时期已经使用牛耕技术这一观点．     

Assessing the Development of Young Children in Child Care: A Survey of Formal Assessment Practices in One State

With the current emphasis on program accountability and appreciation of the importance of early learning and timely identification of delays, early childhood developmental assessment in child care centers is crucial. In Florida, a state that supports local control of child assessment decisions, counties were surveyed to determine the specific tools and formal assessment procedures for children birth to 5 in subsidized child care. Sixty-one counties responded for a 91% return rate. Survey results were examined according to experts’ recommendations for best practices in child assessment. Most counties used multiple tools to assess multiple domains of child development with age-appropriate instruments. Many did not involve parents in the assessment process or use tools connected to the child care curriculum. The survey results underscore the complexity of implementing assessment systems for young children in child care.     

The culturally gifted classroom: a sociocultural approach to the inclusive education of English language learners

The need for including English language learners in the regular classroom at all phases of their linguistic and cultural development is presented within a Vygotkian sociocultural theory of human development. Based on the social primacy of development within this theoretical tenet, all aspects of development are viewed to proceed from social interactions. Effective social interactions that lead to development are distinguished by a heterogeneous collective experience of all participants in the interaction. In accordance with the sociocultural perspective, the educational goal of this heterogeneous group is to acquire and use cultural tools deemed appropriate to their time and place. As others’ cultures and languages become rich resources for becoming competent in one’s own culture, the cultural and linguistic diversity gained by including all students in the classroom becomes a powerful source of development for all.     

论学习环境中资源、工具与评价的设计

本从学习环境设计理论与实践的角度，探讨了资源、工具与评价的设计与应用问题。在学习环境设计中，资源是支持任务学习或问题研究的必备条件之一，是需要认真设计的重要构件之一。学习环境中的工具是指学习工具。学习工具是指有益于学习查找、获取和处理信息，交流协作，建构知识，以具体的方法组织并表述理解和评价学习效果的中介。在学习环境设计中，比较注重信息技术作为学习工具的设计与应用。学习环境中的评价与传统的教学评价是不同的。为了真正促进学习能力的发展，学习必须体验解决真实问题的过程，理解复杂的学习任务。因此，评价应当尽可能是基于真实任务的、复杂的、能挑战学习思维过程的，评价的标准能反映多元化的观点和多样化的问题解决方案。     

我国幼小衔接教育政策的演变与反思——基于对1949~2019年相关政策文本的分析

从新中国成立至今,我国就幼小衔接教育工作相继出台过一系列教育政策,经历了从幼儿园单向执行主体时期(1949~1988年)到幼儿园和小学双向执行主体时期(1989~2009年)再到多元利益相关者执行主体时期(2010年至今)的演变过程。本研究采用由政策工具和幼小衔接生态系统维度构成的分析框架对这些教育政策进行分析,结果发现其使用的政策工具趋于多元化,但各类政策工具的组合配置仍缺乏系统性;幼小衔接生态系统趋于综合化,但各子系统的具体内容仍不够全面;政策总体趋于科学化,但在幼小衔接关键问题上仍不够科学;中央政府与地方政府颁布的相关政策一致性较高,但在互补性上仍有待提高。政策工具的特性、政府的偏好、幼小衔接生态系统的复杂性及相关研究的滞后是影响我国幼小衔接教育政策的主要因素。未来在完善幼小衔接教育政策时,应注意中央政府与地方政府相关政策的衔接和互补;根据政策问题的性质选择恰当的政策工具,优化政策工具之间的组合配置;合理利用激励性工具和能力建设工具,提升幼小衔接教育政策的可行性;全面剖析幼小衔接生态系统中的各方利益诉求,统筹配置相关政策工具;加强幼小衔接关键问题研究和政策转化,促进幼小衔接教育政策科学发展。     

我国专业学位研究生培养模式政策文本量化分析——基于政策工具视角

基于政策工具视角,以政策工具为横向维度,以培养模式构成要素为纵向维度,构建“政策工具——培养模式构成要素”二维分析框架,对1990-2019年间我国82份中央层面的专业学位研究生培养模式政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现:我国专业学位研究生培养模式政策波动性较大且缺乏系统性;政策工具使用结构不合理;培养模式各个构成要素的政策供给不均衡;政策工具与培养模式构成要素间的匹配性不足。未来,我国应增强专业学位研究生培养模式政策的稳定性和系统性,调整专业学位研究生培养模式政策工具使用结构,改革专业学位研究生培养模式的各个构成要素,改善政策工具与培养模式构成要素间的匹配性。