Evaluation by medical students of the educational value of multi‐material and multi‐colored three‐dimensional printed models of the upper limb for anatomical education

For centuries, cadaveric material has been the cornerstone of anatomical education. For reasons of changes in curriculum emphasis, cost, availability, expertise, and ethical concerns, several medical schools have replaced wet cadaveric specimens with plastinated prosections, plastic models, imaging, and digital models. Discussions about the qualities and limitations of these alternative teaching resources are on‐going. We hypothesize that three‐dimensional printed (3DP) models can replace or indeed enhance existing resources for anatomical education. A novel multi‐colored and multi‐material 3DP model of the upper limb was developed based on a plastinated upper limb prosection, capturing muscles, nerves, arteries and bones with a spatial resolution of ～1 mm. This study aims to examine the educational value of the 3DP model from the learner's point of view. Students (n = 15) compared the developed 3DP models with the plastinated prosections, and provided their views on their learning experience using 3DP models using a survey and focus group discussion. Anatomical features in 3DP models were rated as accurate by all students. Several positive aspects of 3DP models were highlighted, such as the color coding by tissue type, flexibility and that less care was needed in the handling and examination of the specimen than plastinated specimens which facilitated the appreciation of relations between the anatomical structures. However, students reported that anatomical features in 3DP models are less realistic compared to the plastinated specimens. Multi‐colored, multi‐material 3DP models are a valuable resource for anatomical education and an excellent adjunct to wet cadaveric or plastinated prosections. Anat Sci Educ 11: 54–64. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

试论初中数学课堂实验教学

有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿与记忆,动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式.这特别需要相应的学具、教具,教师在准备实验时问题的设计,让学生能在教师准备的教学过程中参与数学活动,拓展学习的空间.     

Supporting medical decision making with argumentation tools

This study investigated the collaborative decision-making and communicative discourse of groups of learners engaged in a simulated medical emergency in two conditions. In one condition subgroups used a traditional whiteboard (TW group) to document medical arguments on how to solve a medical emergency. In the other condition subgroups used interactive whiteboards (IW group) where they could document their medical arguments by using a structured template for constructing, annotating and sharing arguments. The discourse of each group was coded with respect to decision-making and communicative activities. The research goal was to identify relationships between the decision-making and collaborative discourse under the two conditions. The IW condition differed from the TW condition in that participants engaged in more adaptive decision-making behavior early on in the intervention. This early engagement led to shared understandings and subsequently to more effective patient management. Group differences were also found in the types of collaborative discourse and the IW groups produced more productive argumentation.     

元帅左（右）监军印考异

诸城文化馆征集到的一方元帅监军印被误定为农民军李全的遗物，成为 国家一级文物，这是不符合史实的。从对金国兵制以及李全一生行事的考定看，这方元帅监军印是金国军印，与李全无涉。     

基于工程数据库的语音协同工具

语音协同工具是指工程数据库中具有人-人界面的一种协同工具,使同-或不同子系统的用户通过语音这种自然的方式进行交流.本文提出的语音协同工具是基于COM实现的,直接使用COM组件实现的网络通讯及多媒体处理功能,避免了重复性的编程工作,提高了开发的效率,这种组件化的程序设计方法可以高效地重用已经实现的逻辑模块,是今后软件设计方法发展的方向之一.     

Where excludability matters: Material versus intellectual property in academic biomedical research

On the basis of survey responses from 507 academic biomedical researchers, we examine the impact of patents on access to the knowledge and material inputs that are used in subsequent research. We observe that access to knowledge inputs is largely unaffected by patents. Accessing other researchers’ materials and/or data, such as cell lines, reagents, or unpublished information is, however, more problematic. The main factors associated with restricted access to materials and/or data include scientific competition, the cost of providing materials, a history of commercial activity on the part of the prospective supplier, and whether the material in question is itself a drug.     

网络环境下的参考咨询服务

本文对网络环境下的参考咨询服务工作的产生、工具、价值和服务模式以及为适应用户需求及数字图书馆建设的需要而推动的服务作了论述，探讨了参考咨询服务工作中的几个问题，提出了当前虚拟参考咨询服务的主要形式和发展趋势以及今后努力的方向。     

影响网络信息检索效率的因素与对策

本文从分析网络信息检索的现状入手，从ICP方面因素、网络信息检索工具、数据的标引质量、检索入口词的选择、检索人员的素质、用户语言等方面，详细分析这些因素对用户网络信息检索效率的影响，并制定出相应的检索策略以提高检索效率。     

我国众创空间发展政策作用效果评估研究

文章以全国众创空间政策为研究对象,建立了众创空间政策“供给-需求”分析评估模型,并采取政策工具量化分析手段,研究政策工具供给结构的有效性,并以全国6959家众创空间统计数据为基础,运用SPSS层次回归模型,从价值发现、企业初创、成长创造、财务绩效四个方面对中国众创空间政策效果进行实证分析。研究结果发现,政策工具供给覆盖面较广,但政府介入力度较强的政策工具偏多,部分有效的政策工具使用不足,自由放任型、部分参与型、策略引导型和政府主导型四类政策工具,对价值发现、企业初创、成长创造和财务绩效发挥不同的作用效果,有些政策工具甚至产生抑制作用。文章提出如下建议：应不断优化众创空间政策供给体系,建立政策效果跟踪反馈机制,完善众创空间政策实施保障体系。     

信息时代信息检索工具发展的新走向

通过分析传统检索工具和电子、网络型检索工具的优势和不足，可以看出传统检索工具是电子、网络型检索工具迅速发展的基础，二者相互补充、相互融合、长期共存。