计算机取证的证明力

随着计算机信息技术的不断发展,与计算机相关的案例也不断出现。计算机取证被用来解决大量的计算机和网络犯罪,如网络入侵,军事、商业机密信息的窃取,对政府、军队、银行网站的攻击破坏,计算机欺诈,计算机病毒传播等,它已成为政府、军队部门以及商业公司信息安全保证的基本工作。利用具有法律效力的计算机取证方法,使用规范而客观的计算机取证技术,提取和保全合乎法律规程的电子证据。这种具备法律效力的电子证据,已逐渐成为一种崭新的证据形式。     

基于事实型数据的科技情报研究工作思考

为适应不断变化的科技发展形势和满足科技决策的需求,需要对科技情报研究方法论进行持续创新.本文提出,应从建设面向科技战略和科技管理服务的事实型数据库、开发专用的方法和工具、充分利用专家的智慧等三个方面提升科技情报研究水平.本文还以中国科学技术信息研究所的实际工作为例,对开展基于事实型数据的科技情报研究的实践探索进行了介绍.     

The experiences of deaf and hard of hearing students at a Queensland University: 1985–2005

This article reports on the experiences of deaf and hard of hearing students at a Queensland university, which offers an extensive deaf student support program. Seventy‐two current students and graduates since the program’s inception twenty years ago completed a survey about their experiences, highlights, challenges and use of communication tools and support services at university. Findings indicate, both quantitatively and qualitatively, that students valued the specialised support services they received, although challenges in accessing the academic curriculum remained for many students. In the important area of social factors, many students reported enjoying satisfying friendships and a sense of belonging with other deaf people, often for the first time, while others experienced feelings of social isolation in a largely hearing peer group. Overall, deaf and hard of hearing students who had attended Griffith over the 20 years had a high rate of graduation, comparing favourably with other university students.     

Qualitative Differences Between Learning Environments Using Videos in Small Groups and Whole Class Discussions: A Preliminary Study in Physics

Interactivity, group learning and student engagement are accepted as key features of social constructivist learning theories. The challenge is to understand the interplay between such features in different learning environments. This study focused on the qualitative differences between two interventions—small-groups and whole-class discussions. In both interventions, three short video slices on the abstract topic ‘the physics of superconductivity’ were interspersed with the different discussion styles. The video slices are based on the Bruner stages. Twenty-nine first year university physics students completed a pre-test, underwent the intervention and completed a post-test. The remainder of the data were collected from student drawings, video recordings, observer notes and facilitator feedback. Results indicate that the use of the video slices in both interventions were successful in changing students’ understandings of superconductivity. However, the small groups treatment tended to facilitate questioning, meaning-making and subsequent changes of ideas more so than the whole class discussions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

幼儿父母教养方式研究综述

对幼儿父母教养方式的概念、测评、影响因素等方面进行综述,发现现有研究中存在测评工具缺乏本土化、各因素的影响力及其之间的相互关系缺乏深入的分析以及提高幼儿父母教养方式的干预研究缺乏,这些都为今后的研究指明了方向。     

明清农具设计的科学性研究

中国古代农业的繁荣发展,离不开生产工具的科学运用。在农业发展史上盛极而衰的明清时期,其农具的发展在整体呈现出集大成的态势,主要表现在设计思想崇尚物我合一、设计材料追求综合利用、设计形式讲究方便省力等三个方面,具有非常明显的社会价值、经济价值和史料价值。     

皖江地区新石器时代"仪式用具"简论

皖江地区早在新石器时代文化遗存就非常丰富,遗址数量多,出土了大量玉器、石器、陶器,其中包括许多精美的＂仪式用具＂。仪式用品的出土可以反映出皖江地区新石器时期原始社会的经济形态、贫富分化以及原始宗教礼制盛行等方面的信息。     

文本挖掘工具述评

简要介绍一些商业文本挖掘工具和开源文本挖掘工具,针对其中四款典型的开源工具进行详细的比较,包括数据格式、功能模块和用户体验三个方面;选取三种各具特色的工具就其文本分类功能进行测评。最后,针对开源文本挖掘工具的现状,提出几点建议。     

基于引文内容挖掘的科技创新路径识别方法与开源工具研究

[目的/意义]分析科技创新路径识别研究中用到的主要研究方法与开源工具,提出利用引文内容挖掘实现科技创新路径识别方法及开源工具。[方法/过程]首先,基于引文分析、结构洞分析、凝聚子群分析、文本内容挖掘、引文内容挖掘等不同角度分析了科技创新路径识别的主要方法;其次,从数据源、文本格式、挖掘内容、处理能力等方面阐述了用于实现引文内容挖掘的科技创新路径识别的3个开源工具：Mallet、Knime、NLTK;最后,分析了实现科技创新路径可视化的5个开源工具：Pajek、Ucinet、Gephi、D3.js、VOSViewer。[结果/结论]通过研究发现,利用开源工具深入挖掘引文内容中蕴含的丰富语义信息,识别不同引用动机,进而进行可视化展示可以有效的实现科技创新路径表达。     

University licensing and the flow of scientific knowledge

As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research.