Special educational needs in mainstream secondary school physical education: learning support assistants have their say

Learning support assistants (LSAs) gained more political and academic attention in Britain after Estelle Morris announced that schools of the future would include more trained staff to support learning to higher standards. LSAs, thus, should form an integral part of the culture of all school departments in Britain, including physical education (PE). The paper uses Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to explore the processes and practices that shape the views and experiences of LSAs and ultimately the extent to which they facilitate an inclusive culture in PE. A web survey gathered the views and experiences of LSAs vis-à-vis the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream secondary school PE in North-West England. A modified version of the tailored design method participant contact strategy resulted in 343 LSAs starting the web survey, with 154 (45%) following it through to completion. All quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel whilst qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. This entailed the identification of recurring themes and patterns present in the data. The findings highlight the hegemonic status of English, maths and science when it comes to the allocation of SEN resources, which most LSAs support and often reinforce. PE is particularly disadvantaged in this hierarchy of subject priority. The majority of LSAs have not received PE-specific training, which brings into question their ability to facilitate inclusion in PE. Moreover, many schools do not appear to value the involvement of LSAs in the planning of differentiated lessons, which could have a negative impact on the PE experiences of some pupils with SEN given that LSAs are perhaps most aware of the specific learning needs of the pupils they support.     

日本环境教育探析

日本在发展经济的过程中非常重视环境教育，其基本着眼点是：通过对传统文化的挖掘和诠释，搭建起环境教育的价值支持系统；通过政府、企业、社区、NGO组织(Non-governmental organization，非政府组织)的共同努力、协同配合，构造出完整的环境教育体系；通过公害教育使社会民众始终保持对环境问题的敏感性。这些做法可以为我国的环境教育提供重要的启示和参照。     

略论激发学生学习数学的兴趣

兴趣是最好的老师。为引导学生对学习数学产生兴趣，教师应创设情境，诱发学生的学习兴趣；运用直观教学，培养学生的学习兴趣；引导学生动手操作，激发学生的学习兴趣；多用鼓励性语言，调动学生的学习兴趣。     

创造愉悦氛围实现愉悦创造 --论教学中的智力激活

在高等教育中，如何才能培养出高素质的创新性人才?本总结为三个方面：知识获取游戏化、个人发展兴趣化、创造潜能激发化。学习前人的知识是创新的前提，但荻取知识的过程不应成为一种苦修过程，而应遵循快乐原则，使动机游戏化。个人发展上，一要尊重学生的兴趣，二要注意发现与培养学生的兴趣，变被动学习为主动探索。     

幼儿体育活动应注意的几个问题

幼儿体育活动不但是学前教育研究的一个课题,同时也是体育教育研究的一个方向.在阐明幼儿生理特点的基础上,对幼儿体育活动兴趣的培养,幼儿体育活动量化,幼儿体育活动中的卫生与安全分别进行了探讨,为完善我国幼儿健康教育提供参考.     

在净现值法评价中单利的转换和运用

在评价方案投资决策的净现值法分析中，所用的折现率是复利。复利折现率的确定在某些情况下就是银行存、贷款的复利率。而我国的银行存、贷款利率是单利，单利是不能直接用来计算净现值，确定方案的取舍的。这样我们就应将单利用一定的方法折为复利率，然后再用此折合后的复利率作为折现率来计算评价方案的可行性。     

中职贫困生家庭资本、人力资本与就业支持对就业质量的影响研究

为探讨中职贫困生家庭资本、人力资本和就业支持对就业质量的影响,使用家庭资本量表、人力资本量表、就业质量量表和学校就业支持问卷,对796名中职贫困生的就业情况进行调查。研究发现,家庭资本正向预测就业质量,且家庭文化资本的预测作用大于家庭经济资本和家庭社会资本;人力资本在家庭资本与就业质量关系中起部分中介作用,并受到学校就业支持的调节;充分的就业支持可以弥补家庭资本匮乏及其引发的人力资本薄弱。因此,为提高贫困生就业质量,建议重视并激发家庭文化资本的就业促进功能,建立贫困生人力资本补偿机制及构建主客体资源双向流动的就业支持体系。     

高中学生升学就业倾向的实证研究

对高中学升学就业倾向的准确了解，能够为高中学生的升学就业指导提供依据。编制适合我国高中学生特点的升学就业倾向量表，对于每一个高中学生选择自己未来的学习方向和职业具有重要的实用价值。本研究将高中学生的升学就业倾向分为技术类、研究类、艺术类、社会类、经营类、事务类、自然类七种类型。问卷调查既验证了本分类方法的可行性，也揭示出了我省高中学生基本的升学就业倾向。     

学生课堂参与的影响因素及方法研究

学生的课堂参与度已成为新课标下评价优质课的重要尺度。因此,以学生为本,提供学生参与的平台,提升课堂参与度,从而提高课堂效率已是广大教师面临的核心任务。为此,在教育教学中,教师可从学习兴趣、教学方法、教学技巧等方面入手来提升学生课堂参与度。     

Establishing a Center to Support Faculty Research

This article describes the establishment in fall 2002 of a School of Education Research Center designed to support faculty in increasing productivity and quality in research. Details are provided about center goals, services, staffing, space, resources, and logistics during the first year of operation. In addition, data are shared about faculty usage of the Center, the level of faculty satisfaction with center services in the first year, and initial increases in faculty productivity. The article concludes with plans for continued data collection to monitor the impact of the Center, a discussion of lessons learned at this point in the Center's development, and possibilities for the evolution of the Center. All authors are at the University of Colorado, Denver. Laura Goodwin, Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, is Interim Associate Vice Chancellor for Faculty Affairs and continues to serve as a Faculty Research Associate. Elizabeth Kozleski, Ed.D., University of Northern Colorado, is the Associate Dean for Research in the School of Education. Lynn Rhodes, Ed.D., Indiana University, is the Dean of the School of Education. Rodney Muth, Ph.D., Claremont Graduate School, is a professor of Administrative Leadership and Policy Studies in the school and chaired the Research Center Advisory Board. Kim Kennedy White, M.A., University of Oregon, was the original School of Education Research Center Coordinator and was responsible for collecting most of the data included in this study.