Victimization,perception of violence,and social behaviour / Victimización,percepción de la violencia y conducta social

Abstract

This study had three goals: to analyze gender differences in victimization, perception of school violence, and social behaviour; to study the relations between these variables; and to identify variables predicting victimization. A correlational methodology was employed, and three assessment instruments were administered. The sample was made up of 178 participants aged between 13 and 15 years. The results yielded no gender differences in victimization; however, females perceived more verbal abuse and performed more behaviours of help-collaboration, whereas males scored higher in negative social behaviours (aggressiveness-stubbornness, dominance, apathy-withdrawal). The bullying victims of both sexes had a high perception of school violence; moreover, victimized males performed few behaviours of help-collaboration and assurance-firmness, whereas victimized females displayed many behaviours of social anxiety. Six variables predicted victimization: high perception of violence through information and communication technologies, high social anxiety, lower age, little aggressive behaviour, high perception of verbal abuse, and few behaviours of help-collaboration.     

Education,gift and reciprocity: a preliminary discussion

This paper analyzes the importance and role of the reciprocity relationship in education. It presents a review on the mobilization of the principle of reciprocity—in the anthropological but also sociological and economic senses—in educational processes, especially in adult education. The study is divided into three parts. The first part analyzes the importance of reciprocity in education according to Mauss and to the theory of reciprocity. The second part discusses recent contributions on the role of reciprocity relationships in adult education, expanding Piaget’s perspective on the relation between autonomy and cooperation in education and learning. The third part illustrates this approach with three case studies in Brazil.     

Contested urban spaces: exploring the analytics of young persons’ experiences of living in Glasgow’s deprived zones

This paper reports findings from an exploratory study of mainly young people’s verbally articulated perceptions of urban life in Glasgow, Scotland. The focus is upon areas of deprivation where territory and social capital is contested and whose meanings are possibly only partially grasped by our informants. Their personal knowledge of violence and sense of oppression (fear of violence and constrained agency) are explored through qualitative data generated by means of semi‐structured interviews. Despite the qualified nature of our findings we believe they contribute to understanding a particular Scottish identity, one infused with notions of youth culture, community disorder and social exclusion. These results prompt us to highlight the need for more intense policy concern and interventions in order to address the mental health of young people whose lives are demonstrably blighted by poverty and its exclusionary material realities in a major twenty‐first‐century European city.     

Editorial Statement

It is contended that in Harvey Pegues's essay on objectivism and constructivism in the summer 2007 issue of The Educational Forum, Pegues conducted an intellectual discourse in which legitimate or good-faith disagreement was not an option, and disparaged and imputed the negative motives with which he disagreed. This article responds by pointing out the definitions and axioms used by Pegues that are vulnerable, and questions basic axioms about identity and existence from the standpoint of ancient Egyptian thought. The self-confessed nature of axioms—including those of objectivism—as incapable of proof or disproof is reiterated.     

Risk of Domestic Violence After Natural Disaster

Abstract

This paper describes the use of a participatory action research model to teach undergraduate social work research and statistics. Strategies of the model include (1) integration with social work education, (2) policy analysis, (3) literature review, (4) collaboration with practitioners, (5) collaboration with the target population through qualitative research, (6) quantitative study, (7) ongoing social action efforts, and (8) evaluation. An example is used of a project addressing a community problem with increased domestic violence during recovery from natural disaster.     

李金发:渡海来台的精灵

50年代 ,李金发这位象征诗的“幽灵”渡海来台湾 ,影响了许多台湾诗人的诗风。为此 ,苏雪林以“巫婆的蛊词”等语诅咒李诗 ,引发覃子豪与她的一场笔战。 70年代 ,台湾出版的各种现代文学史、新诗史著作 ,都给李金发一定的地位 ,不像大陆甚少提及或干脆在文学史上除名。台湾的右派与大陆的一些人否定李金发的出发点不同 ,但他们的思维方式表现了惊人的一致性 ,即在反理性、反启蒙即反现代精神方面没有什么本质的分别。     

Domestic abuse prevention education: listening to the views of young people

This paper reports on findings derived as part of a two-year project funded by the European Union's Daphne III scheme, involving collaboration between seven partner organisations across six European countries. The project involved an evaluation, using questionnaires and focus groups, of domestic abuse prevention education programmes delivered in schools in the UK, France and Spain. This paper presents the findings from the UK focus group discussions, conducted with young people aged 10–11 years, and 13–14 years to explore their opinions about the intervention delivered in their school. The focus groups revealed the following challenges for service providers in this area: young people can misunderstand issues related to domestic abuse, especially the role of power and control within relationships; there is a tension between educators giving young people free expression to share their opinions and challenging sexism and other prejudices; and boys can become disengaged with gender-based interventions. These issues point towards three key considerations when implementing a domestic abuse prevention education intervention: programme content (the what); the teaching methods used (the how); and whether teachers or external organisations should deliver the programme (the who).     

《家庭暴力防治法》立法问题研究

目前,我国家庭暴力问题令人担忧,其中重要原因之一是我国现行法律在规制家庭暴力方面存在不足。应制定专门《家庭暴力防治法》,明确《家庭暴力防治法》在法律体系中的地位,明确家庭暴力举证的特殊要求,明确相关机构干预家庭暴力的责任,明确规定施暴者的法律责任,在立法时并对弱势群体有所倾斜。     

Interpersonal violence: identification of associated features in a clinical sample

Violence is a burdensome problem in daily psychiatric practice, even though the diagnosisof a mental disorder is not sufficient to determine a violent behavior; therefore, other factors are involved. We predicted that the participants could be distributed in two groups (e.g. high versus low violence-maltreatment groups) because this grouping would better describe specific patterns of associations in a clinical sample. We aimed to investigate the relation between interpersonal violence and maltreating experiences in childhood. Affective states and personal functioning were also explored as meaningful outcomes. Consecutive patients (N = 101) admitted to a psychiatric unit were evaluated with the Risky Families Questionnaire, the Psychological Maltreatment Review, the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Personal and Social Performance Scale. Single, with average education and unemployed individuals showed significantly higher KIVS scores. High levels of interpersonal violence (IV) in childhood correlated with a harsh family climate in early life. Moreover, IV correlated with perceived parental maltreatment and did not with parental support. The cluster analysis identified two clusters of patients. The first (n = 41) showed negative dysfunctional experiences; the second (n = 60) showed a more positive perception of parental support.The impairment of social functioning and emotions regulation are both involved in this complex relation. The study supports the hypothesis of a clustering of patients that needs tailored management of violence causes and consequences.     

母亲遭受家庭冷暴力对儿童早期多动行为的影响:亲子冲突与睡眠问题的链式中介作用

为探讨母亲遭受家庭冷暴力与儿童早期多动行为的关系及亲子冲突与睡眠问题的链式中介作用,使用家庭冷暴力量表、长处与困难问卷、亲子关系量表和Achenbach儿童睡眠行为量表对2728名1-8岁儿童及其母亲进行测查,采用SPSS26和Mplus8.3对数据进行统计分析并建立结构方程模型.研究发现,在控制了母亲的受教育程度、儿...