From Sawney Beane to Sweeney Todd

ABSTRACT

This article traces the changes and continuities in fictional stories of serial murder in London from the late-seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. In particular, it shows how changes in the primary audience for metropolitan popular culture necessitated dramatic shifts in the tale of serial killing and narratives of violence. Thus, by the nineteenth century, as the lower classes had become the main supporters of both traditional and new genres of entertainment in popular culture, their experience of and fears and anxieties about urban change became intertwined with myths about serial killing and reflected in a new character of the public nightmare, Sweeney Todd, the barber of Fleet Street, who set out to effectively depopulate the capital with his ghastly murder machine.     

球场观众暴力遏制方略的研究

采用文献资料法,归纳法对国内外球场观众暴力遏制方略进行分析,将球场观众暴力的遏制方略分为源头预防、过程控制和末端治理三个阶段。研究表明:(1)对球场观众暴力的应对方略是“遏制”而不是“控制”;(2)球场观众暴力遏制方略以源头预防为主,过程控制为辅,末端治理为补充;(3)球场观众暴力遏制主要体现在心理引导与行为控制两个方面的研究;(4)源头预防强调对青少年球迷正确引导的双重预防意义;(5)过程控制主要针对是否发生球场观众暴力的两种不同形态过程进行遏制;(6)末端治理以司法处罚为手段,贯彻宽严相济的基本方针,对实施暴力者进行制裁。     

Public and secret agents: personal power and reflective agency in male memories of childhood violence and bullying

In‐depth interviews with adult men regarding their childhood experiences with hegemonic displays of violence and bullying and the meaning they make of those experiences as adults were analysed using the theoretical work of R.W. Connell, and critiques of that work. The conclusion reached is that memories of childhood experiences of violence and bullying remain active in the adult psyche and the meanings of these experiences are framed by individuals’ relative distance from or proximity to local hegemonic ideals, often reducing this issue to a binary of hegemonic or non‐hegemonic. In doing so, males are able toemphasise the importance of personal power. Males who were proximate to hegemonic masculine practices either as students and/or adults are seen to reduce patriarchy to an issue of individual agency, while males who were less hegemonic in school describe themselves as largely powerless in the presence of hegemonic males. These males then recast their experiences in order to retroactively increase the power they possessed as agents. Together, these findings underscore some of the ways males work to focus privilege on individual merit and away from acknowledging complicit forms of masculinity, which in turn serves to maintain existing patriarchal structures and males’ privileged positions within it.     

球场观众暴力形成机制及要素分析

对球场观众暴力行为及发生特征进行思考.球场观众暴力属于一种集群行为,它是社会环境、文化背景、时代根源以及个体的社会心理承受力等一系列因素的综合效应.研究球场暴力产生的原因和机制,才能找到解决球场暴力问题的方法.     

作为艺术的武术

武术的优势并不是表现在艺术、健身、娱乐等某一个别方面，而是表现在其所具有的艺术、健身、娱乐等各种功能的复合性。研究关注武术的艺术功能，分析艺术武术的历史成因，认为是人的心理需要成就了武术的艺术属性，是人的审美态度强化了武术的艺术功能；分析艺术武术的当代体现——暴力美，认为艺术武术中的暴力美是对暴力的消解，艺术武术中的暴力美是人的心理压抑的文明渲泄；探讨艺术武术的发展原则与发展向度等发展问题。     

网络媒介语境下的网民暴力分析

本文从网民暴力产生的语境的三个要素话语方式、话语范围、话语风格探讨了该现象产生的原因,并认为对待网络暴力这个新媒介的新生现象应抱以宽容的态度,但同时应通过软控制来规避网络暴力现象.     

Psychometric properties of the Violent Experiences Questionnaire

The Violent Experiences Questionnaire—Revised (VEQ-R) is a brief retrospective self-report inventory which provides estimates of annual frequencies of childhood physical abuse, sibling physical abuse, exposure to parental violence, peer bullying, and corporal punishment as they were experienced from ages 5 to 16. The VEQ-R indices rely on a frequency metric that estimates the number of days on average per year a specified class of behavior occurred over a 12 year retrospective period. All scores range from a frequency of 0 to a high of 104. Scale normative data was generated from both a college (N = 1266) and national (N = 1290) sample to expand the research applicability of this relatively new inventory. Subscales were added to estimate the frequency of victimization during childhood, the pre-teen years, and adolescence. Four “hostility” component indices were derived from perpetrator source (parent, sibling, peer, or domestic). Thresholds were established to for High, Moderate, Low, and No Risk classifications. Subscales dimensions were found to have both adequate internal and temporal consistency. Evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity was generated using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale-Short-Form^©, LONGSCAN Physical Abuse Self-Report scale, and Physical Punishment scale of the Assessing Environments III inventory.     

Adolescent exposure to violence and adult illicit drug use

Informed by a strain theory perspective, this study utilizes data on adolescent exposure to violence (AEV) from a prospective, longitudinal, national household probability sample that originally consisted of 1,725 respondents, first interviewed as adolescents in 1977 and last interviewed in middle adulthood in 2003. Findings from bivariate correlations and logistic regression models indicate that AEV is associated with both adolescent and adult illicit drug use, but some of the association between AEV and adult illicit drug use becomes nonsignificant when controlling for adolescent illicit drug use. Specific types of AEV associated with adult illicit drug use differ by gender. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.     

看客们的精神暴力--大江健三郎短篇小说《人羊》与《示众》中看客形象之比较

大江健三郎的《人羊》和鲁迅的《示众》都是短篇小说。两部小说中一部反映日本的公车社会相﹐一部速写了中国的街头社会相﹐可谓把世间“看客”描绘得淋漓尽致。本文试图从两篇作品的人物刻画比较入手﹐解读其共同反映出来的看客们的精神暴力。     

Maintaining the status quo: symbolic violence in higher education

Government policies and financial imperatives have fostered growing heterogeneity in student bodies in UK and Australian higher education (HE), but the underpinning logic of practice in these long-established social fields is far slower to change. Drawing on empirical evidence from case studies in each nation, this paper examines the tensions between the espoused and enacted values of the academy in relation to the widening participation and internationalisation agendas. We describe the research sites, their relationships with their respective fields of power and the experiences of participants as inhabitants of these HE fields. We highlight the struggles to secure relevant capital, acts of symbolic violence occurring at both institutional and programme levels and the resultant impact on individual positions and trajectories within the fields. Finally, we consider the extent to which the established practices in HE, which naturally preserve the dominance of the dominating factions, are likely to shift to enable it to genuinely enact the social conscience it espouses.