《颜氏家训》被动句类型考察

《颜氏家训》里有大量的被动句,这些被动句有不同的类型。从总体上又可分为两类,一是没有形式标志的被动句,一是有形式标志的被动句。其中,有形式标志被动句中,根据标志形式的不同,这类被动句可分为＂蒙＂字类被动句、＂可＂字类被动句、＂于＂字句、＂见＂字句、＂被＂字句、＂为＂字句等。这些被动句基本体现了古汉语被动句的特征,也基本反映了南北朝时汉语被动句的使用情况。     

面向句法块向量的句子相似度计算方法

传统句子相似度算法没有全面考虑句子结构与语义特征,影响相似度计算准确性,对此提出一种基于句法块向量的句子相似度计算方法。该方法综合考虑句子的语义信息与结构信息,首先构建两句子的语义依存关系树,然后进行一些被动转换等操作,最后根据词向量构建各个句法块向量并通过余弦值计算句子相似度。在常规句子对中进行测试实验,结果表明,综合句子结构与语义信息可提高相似度计算准确性。一般句子相似度计算正确率达到92%,比传统方法提高8%~10%。     

Effects of active and passive recovery on performance during repeated-sprint swimming

Abstract

The effect of active and passive recovery on repeated-sprint swimming bouts was studied in eight elite swimmers. Participants performed three trials of two sets of front crawl swims with 5 min rest between sets. Set A consisted of four 30-s bouts of high-intensity tethered swimming separated by 30 s passive rest, whereas Set B consisted of four 50-yard maximal-sprint swimming repetitions at intervals of 2 min. Recovery was active only between sets (AP trial), between sets and repetitions of Set B (AA trial) or passive throughout (PP trial). Performance during and metabolic responses after Set A were similar between trials. Blood lactate concentration after Set B was higher and blood pH was lower in the PP (18.29 ± 1.31 mmol · l^?1 and 7.12 ± 0.11 respectively) and AP (17.56 ± 1.22 mmol · l^?1 and 7.14 ± 0.11 respectively) trials compared with the AA (14.13 ± 1.56 mmol · l^?1 and 7.23 ± 0.10 respectively) trial (P < 0.01). Performance time during Set B was not different between trials (P > 0.05), but the decline in performance during Set B of the AP trial was less marked than in the AA or PP trials (main effect of sprints, P < 0.05). Results suggest that active recovery (60% of the 100-m pace) could be beneficial between training sets, and may compromise swimming performance between repetitions when recovery durations are short (< 2 min).     

Accuracy and Feasibility of Video Analysis for Assessing Hamstring Flexibility and Validity of the Sit-and-Reach Test

The accuracy of video analysis of the passive straight-leg raise test (PSLR) and the validity of the sit-and-reach test (SR) were tested in 60 men and women. Computer software measured static hip-joint flexion accurately. High within-session reliability of the PSLR was demonstrated (R > .97). Test-retest (separate days) reliability for SR was high in men (R = .97) and women R = .98) moderate for PSLR in men (R = .79) and women (R = .89). SR validity (PSLR as criterion) was higher in women (Day 1, r = .69; Day 2, r = .81) than men (Day 1, r = .64; Day 2, r = .66). In conclusion, video analysis is accurate and feasible for assessing static joint angles, PSLR and SR tests are very reliable methods for assessing flexibility, and the SR validity for hamstring flexibility was found to be moderate in women and low in men.     

英语被动语态翻译点滴

作为文字表达客观化的手段之一 ,英语被动语态常见于英语新闻报道和科技文章中。如何按英语的表达习惯去理解原意 ,又怎样将它译成恰当的汉语 ,这是一个值得探讨的问题。本文探讨了英语被动语态的一些常见译法。     

主动形式词汇的被动意义在英语中的应用规律

英语中的被动意义一般是由谓语动词的被动语态来表示的。但除此之外 ,谓语的被动意义也可以由主动形式的词汇来表示 ,比如由动词及动词短语、名词、介词短语的主动形式来表示     

湖北黄冈方言的差比句

差比句用来比较事物的高下。黄冈方言的差比级的表达形式灵活多样，比较词运用丰富，对比古汉语、普通话的相关句式，黄冈方言差比句顺行结构、逆行结构两种形式并存，其运用受一定的句法条件的限制，各具不同的表义功能和语用价值。     

“爱XX”格式的多维考察

文章在前人研究的基础上,探讨了“爱XX”格式的句法、语义、语用的特点,发现“爱XX”格式句法功能丰富,可以充当谓语、宾语、定语,还可以充当分句或单独成句;“爱XX”格式语义丰富,具有随便义、不满义和否定义;“爱XX”格式在语言经济原则的影响下,主观色彩强烈,焦点信息突出,其后的词语更凸显了语用价值。     

农村构建和谐社会的制约因素及对策分析:以河北省为个案

农村和谐社会的构建是一个艰巨复杂的系统性工程。诸多显形影响因素、深层影响因素以及带有地域性特点的因素都在影响着农村和谐社会的构建进程。推进农村社会和谐,需要从思想认识、经济基础、社会体制、政治党建等方面多角度、多方位地统筹谋划。     

花园小径句式歧义现象分析

花园小径句式比较常见。这种句子的实际结构和意义与读者或听者最初接触时所理解的结构和意义不同。读者或听者最初对句子结构和意义的理解常常是不正确的,因此导致歧义现象的产生。花园小径句式的产生或是词汇歧义所致,或是由句法歧义带来。