Using the Phono‐Graphix reading programme as a literacy support intervention strategy

The study outlined here was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of using the Phono‐Graphix reading programme with a group of four struggling readers/non‐readers. The children selected were in Primary 2 and had already had one‐and‐a‐half years of mixed reading instruction strategies – primarily Jolly Phonics with a ‘look and say’ approach. The children were taught in twice weekly ‘pull out’ sessions in addition to learning with their peers in their normal, daily classroom lessons. Results showed that they had improved in all literacy sub‐skills being assessed. Two of them also improved on standardised assessments. All children were observed to be reading (and spelling) more accurately than at the beginning of the project.     

Understanding students’ experiences of professionalism learning: a ‘threshold’ approach

Professionalism is a core element of curricula in many disciplines but can be difficult to teach and learn. This study used audio-diary methodology to identify professionalism threshold concepts in a small group learning setting in undergraduate medicine and to understand factors that might facilitate students to ‘get’ such concepts. Fifteen students and seven tutors kept audio-diaries over two terms. Data were analysed qualitatively for content. The key themes were then cross referenced to threshold concept criteria (e.g. where language indicated that learning was troublesome, integrative or transformative). Seven potential threshold concepts were identified which centred on students’ developing professional identities including working with uncertainty, considering the bigger picture, not needing to know everything and professional culture. Reflection on workplace experiences within a small group helped students ‘get’ these concepts. The study concludes that threshold concepts and audio-diaries are useful tools for understanding lived experiences of professionalism learning.     

基于产业知识基础的北京科技创新中心建设研究

北京科技创新中心建设的路径和着力点等问题成为学界、政界亟待破解的难题。从产业知识基础视角研究北京科技创新中心建设,提出两类产业知识基础——解析型知识基础和综合型知识基础影响科技创新中心建设的框架,并用熵值法确定权重计算了2013年全国各省(市、自治区)两类产业知识基础存量值以及2000-2013年北京地区两类产业知识基础存量值,将2013年北京两类产业知识基础进行横向、纵向对比。实证结果显示:北京的产业知识基础存量值与资源基础和制度环境极不相称,不能对北京科技创新建设起到支撑作用,因此,应提高产业知识基础水平,尤其是关注以激进型创新为主的解析型知识基础。本研究为北京科技创新中心建设提供决策依据。     

人造碱基与人工合成生命

文章就人造碱基及相关人工合成生命领域内的代表性研究成果进行了全景式综述,着重介绍了氢键互补及疏水性两种最为主要的人造碱基对,探讨了具有里程碑意义的六核酸分子人工合成生命及其对合成生物学未来发展的影响,简单综述了人造碱基在DNA检测诊断试剂盒等方面的成功应用实例。最后对这一研究领域的前景和面临的挑战进行了展望。     

Developing children's conceptual understanding of area measurement: A curriculum and teaching experiment

The present study examined the effectiveness of three instructional treatments which had different combinations of mathematical elements regarding 2-dimensional (2-D) geometry and area measurement for developing 4th-grade children's understanding of the formulas for area measurement and their ability to solve area measurement problems. Participants were 120 fourth graders. The results showed that the enriched curriculum, involving the geometry motions and area measurement connections effectively facilitated children's mathematical judgments and explanations demanding high-level conceptual understanding. The instructional curricula accentuating only 2-D geometry or numerical calculations for area measurement did not exhibit such effectiveness. Interview data revealed that the geometric operations of superimposition, decomposition, re-composition as well as the concept of congruence were deemed essential by children for the conceptualization of the formulas for area measurement.     

试论康德先天综合判断及其可能性

《纯粹理性批判》是康德哲学的基础,主要论证先天综合判断的存在,这缘于康德确信逻辑、数学和自然科学知识以及应对＂休谟问题＂。康德所谓的先天综合判断并不存在,因为他没有正确理解数学和自然科学的性质和可靠性,他所依赖的亚里士多德逻辑自身是存在缺陷的,他对＂休谟问题＂的所谓解决其实是回避。     

试述我国农民教育观念的更新策略

农民的教育观念,将对我国未来的人才素质产生直接的影响,从国家的宏观角度,在理论上、实践上切实落实先进的教育观念,使我国农民的教育观念有一个彻底的更新,是未来我国国民素质整体提高的保证。     

化学概念教学的关键期探析

通过对化学概念关键期研究进行调查与分析,发现学生学习化学概念存在着前概念的影响;认为初三是学习化学概念的启蒙期,初三到高一为化学概念的衔接期,高一为化学概念入门关键期,高二为化学概念低潮期,高三为化学概念的系统化结构化的升华期。把握化学概念各关键期教学的特点和规律,有助于收到事半功倍的教学效果。     

基于稀疏求解的改进PCA方法在SAR目标识别中的应用

针对实际军事情况下车辆目标为非合作目标,提出改进的主成分分析方法（IPCA）。它首先利用稀疏求解方法得到与测试样本最相关的部分训练样本以及它们对测试样本的表示系数。然后结合主成分分析（PCA）得到最优投影矩阵,使投影后不同测试样本能更好地利用训练样本信息进行分类。利用美国运动和静止目标获取与识别数据库中3类目标进行识别实验,结果表明基于改进的PCA方法比传统的PCA方法能够得到更高的识别率,并对稀疏方位角训练样本有更好的鲁棒性。     

学习型城市创建的模糊综合评价研究——以天津为例

学习型城市的建设是提升城市竞争力的重要途经,已成为国内外众多城市的重点发展方向.根据天津市开展和实施学习型城市的现状,提出天津创建学习型城市的多层次综合评价指标体系,并将模糊综合评价方法应用到该研究中,解决被评价对象无法具体量化、权重不易判断的多层次指标综合评价问题.通过问卷调查对天津创建学习型城市的阶段成果进行测量,提出存在的问题和发展重点.