Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer

Abstract

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to characterize repeated high-intensity movement activity profiles of a professional soccer team in official match-play; and (2) to inform and verify the construct validity of tests commonly used to determine repeated-sprint ability in soccer by investigating the relationship between the results from a test of repeated-sprint ability and repeated high-intensity performance in competition. High-intensity running performance (movement at velocities >19.8 km · h^?1 for a minimum of 1 s duration) was measured in 20 players using computerized time–motion analysis. Performance in 80 French League 1 matches was analysed. In addition, 12 of the 20 players performed a repeated-sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill consisting of six consecutive 6 s sprints separated by 20 s passive recovery intervals. In all players, most consecutive high-intensity actions in competition were performed after recovery durations ≥61 s, recovery activity separating these efforts was generally active in nature with the major part of this spent walking, and players performed 1.1 ± 1.1 repeated high-intensity bouts (a minimum of three consecutive high-intensity bouts with a mean recovery time ≤20 s separating efforts) per game. Players reporting lowest performance decrements in the repeated-sprint ability test performed more high-intensity actions interspersed by short recovery times (≤20 s, P < 0.01 and ≤30 s, P < 0.05) compared with those with higher decrements. Across positional roles, central-midfielders performed more high-intensity actions separated by short recovery times (≤20 s) and spent a larger proportion of time running at higher intensities during recovery periods, while fullbacks performed the most repeated high-intensity bouts (statistical differences across positional roles from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). These findings have implications for repeated high-intensity testing and physical conditioning regimens.     

Influence of playing standard on the physical demands of professional rugby league

Abstract

In this paper we report on two studies that investigated the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play. Instudy one, National Rugby League (NRL) and National Youth Competition (NYC) players underwent global positioning system (GPS) analysis during competitive matches. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between playing standards for minutes played, total distance covered, or the distances covered at low and high speeds. However, NRL players engaged in significantly more repeated high-intensity effort bouts than NYC players (13.1 ± 0.8 bouts vs. 9.7 ± 1.1 bouts). Reductions in physical performance occurred from the first to second half for both NRL and NYC players. In study two, we investigated, in the same players, the physical demands of professional rugby league match-play when players were competing in trial and regular fixture matches. The locomotor demands of trial matches were lower than fixture matches, with players covering less distance per minute of match-play, including less distance at low and high speeds. Players were also less likely to engage in repeated high-intensity effort bouts in trial matches than fixtures. These findings demonstrate that neither NYC matches nor NRL trial matches adequately reflect the intense physical demands of NRL fixture matches.     

Participation in sports in childhood and adolescence and physical activity in adulthood: A systematic review

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to verify the association between participation in sports (PS) in childhood and adolescence and physical activity (PA) in adulthood. A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: Medline (PUBMED), Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus, LILACS and SciELO. All steps of the process followed the recommendations of the PRISMA FlowDiagram. After all the steps of the process, 29 articles were included for analysis. In general, only three of the studies analyzed found no relation between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood. However, a positive relationship was found to be weak in only 7% of the studies, a moderate relation in 62% of the studies, and a strong relation in 21%. It was found that higher weekly frequencies of PS; persistence of at least three years of PS and, finally, the highest level of practice and/or competition reached were related to higher levels of PA in adulthood. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive association considered moderate to strong between PS in childhood and adolescence and PA in adulthood.     

Effect of Mastering Swim Skills on Older Adults' Self-Efficacy

Abstract

Two groups of 23 junior high school boys were tested before and after an eight weeks' progressive resistance training program. The experimental group participated in this program, but the control group took part only in regularly scheduled physical education classes. At the end of the eight weeks, it was found that the experimental group increased their ability to do pull-ups, push-ups, the Harvard Step Test, Dodge run, the Burpee test, and trunk extension and flexion. The control group improved in the Dodge run, the Burpee test, push-ups, and trunk extension. In no case did the improvement of the control group exceed the improvement of the experimental group. The experimental group also increased in anthropometric measurements. Medical examinations indicated that no harmful effects were experienced by either group.     

青海省农牧区城镇居民体育活动特征研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查、访谈及实地考查以及数据统计等方法分析青海省农牧区城镇居民体育活动的特征,包括体育人口特征、体育消费特征、宣传和组织管理特征、社会体育指导员的培训利用特征以及群众体育资源特征。在分析基础上提出农牧区城镇居民体育活动的建议。     

大学生运动行为与其相关因素分析——以福建农林大学为例

通过问卷调查的形式,采用统计、计量分析方法,深入分析影响大学生运动行为的社会经济因素及社会心理因素之间的定量关系。结果显示,52％的学生表示自己有运动习惯,但是真正符合美国运动医学会（ACSM）推荐的规律运动标准的仅34．2％;其中男生有规律运动者占21．5％,女生仅为12．7％;低年级规律运动的比例高于高年级。通过logistic回归可以预测全体受访者是否规律运动的因素包括：性别、年级、体育测试压力、母亲受教育的程度和可利用的时间是否充足。研究提示,大学生规律运动比例较低,社会经济状况和社会心理因素会对其规律运动行为造成影响,因此针对影响规律运动的因素制定其相应的对策尤为重要。     

金樱子多糖体外抗脂质过氧化和红细胞溶血作用研究

采用体外实验研究了金樱子多糖（RP）对小鼠肝脏自发性脂质过氧化、H2O2诱导的脂质过氧化、Fe^2＋-Vc诱导的肝线粒体氧化损伤和H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血的影响,比较了金樱子多糖和维生素C（Vc）的抗脂质过氧化作用．结果表明：金樱子多糖具有较强的体外抗脂质过氧化作用,且呈现良好的量效关系;其抗氧化活性明显高于维生素C．     

《中国美术史》实践教学探讨

《中国美术史》是高等院校美术学、艺术设计等相关专业开设的一门专业理论必修课程,也是在校大学生的通识教育课程之一。如何在这一传统的理论课程教学中植入实践教学环节,使得教学内容更加形象化、具体化,提高学生学习的积极性和主动性,同时促进师生之间的交流,加强“教”与“学”的互动,是本文探讨的主要目的。     

合作学习中自我监控的探析

运用情境实验和问卷测量的方法,可以测量合作学习中自我监控水平不同的学生在合作学习的小组活动自评中的差异.自我监控高的学生比自我监控低的学生对组织者有更积极的评价,但在对合作学习的喜爱程度上却比不上自我监控低的同学.     

会计学专业层次性实践教学体系的探索

在深入思考高素质应用型人才社会需求特点的基础上,提出了创新会计学专业4个层次实践教学体系的构想。