健美操教学专家和新手在教学行为上的差异研究

利用ASUOI观察软件对比分析专家和新手健美操教师的教学行为,选四位健美操教学专家和五位教学新手进行持续两周的录像采集,然后对两组教师教学行为分布指标进行T检验。结果显示,新手教师的指导、慢速常速示范百分比高于专家教师,沉默行为的时间百分比低于专家教师,且达到显著水平;新手教师的批评、正确常速示范行为频率高于专家教师,肢体协助频率低于专家教师,且存在显著差异。     

体育运动科学领域meta分析文献发表的方法学质量评价

目的：评价国内外发表体育运动科学领域meta分析的方法学质量。方法：电子检索中国知网（CNKI）、Web of Science,选用OQAQ量表进行方法学质量评价。结果：共纳入14篇合格文献,00Aa均分5．07±1．86分,属有小错误;方法学质量问题体现在研究者对文献筛选偏倚控制意识不高,没对原始研究使用真实性评价标准,缺乏全面恰当评价真实性。结论：按照一定的规范进行体育运动科学领域试验设计和系统评价,以提高该领域循证证据的质量。     

Changing the environment to promote health-enhancing physical activity

Supportive environments have been used to change and influence health behaviours like smoking. While psychological and ecological theories and models demonstrate the possible influences of the environment on health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), little is known about the effectiveness of the environmental interventions. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of studies that used environmental interventions to increase health-enhancing physical activity. Two groups of studies were found, studies that changed the physical environment by creating new HEPA facilities, policies and supporting mechanisms, and studies that used the elements of the environment as an active or sedentary ‘point of choice’, via educational materials to promote stair use. Environmental change studies showed a small increase on HEPA behaviour, but the relative impact of environment changes was not evaluated. A number of before and after studies have observed a weak effect of a simple environmental change to stimulate stair climbing while travelling or shopping. Current national policy has embraced the environment as an option for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, especially active travel, in spite of the lack of effectiveness data. It is recommended that existing or planned public health environment and HEPA initiatives should use appropriate evaluation methods to assess their efficacy and effectiveness. Further developmental research into the nature of the relationship of the environment to particular HEPA behaviours is strongly recommended before developing new environmental interventions.     

Changing the individual to promote health-enhancing physical activity: the difficulties of producing evidence and translating it into practice

This paper presents conclusions from recent systematic reviews and highlights individually targeted interventions that are effective at increasing physical activity. It discusses the limitations of currently available evidence, considers what factors lead to these limitations and what barriers exist in terms of implementing the evidence as part of local and national policy and practice. Barriers present themselves in terms of getting evidence into practice and in terms of ensuring that practice informs the evidence base. These barriers include difficulties in conducting systematic reviews, disaggregating knowledge from complex interventions, making local adaptations to existing evidence, the lack of an evaluation culture, ethical and pragmatic difficulties in designing interventions, selecting appropriate outcome measures, poor designs and implementation of evidence and, finally, a recognition that policy making is not only based on the available evidence. New and more integrated approaches to evaluation and to practice are needed.     

An analysis of practice activities and instructional behaviours used by youth soccer coaches during practice: Exploring the link between science and application

Abstract

We examined the practice activities and instructional behaviours employed by 25 youth soccer coaches during 70 different practice sessions. We evaluated the extent to which these activities and behaviours differ from those shown in contemporary research to best facilitate skill acquisition. Nine coaches worked with the under-9 years age group and eight coaches each with the under-13 and under-16 years age groups; nine of those coaches were employed at the elite level, nine at the sub-elite level, and seven at the non-elite level. Coaches had players spend more time in activities that were deemed less relevant to soccer match performance, termed “training form” (e.g. physical training, technique and skills practices), than activities deemed more relevant, termed “playing form” (e.g. small-sided/conditioned games and phase of play activities). Coaches provided high levels of instruction, feedback, and management, irrespective of the activity in which players engaged. Few differences in practice activities and instructional behaviours were reported across skill and age groups, implying the absence of any notable age- or skill-related progression. Findings are discussed with reference to recent research in the areas of skill acquisition, motor learning, and expert performance.     

Interprofessional partnerships involving school counsellors for children with special needs: a broad based systematic review using the PRISMA framework

Interprofessional educational partnerships can include a diverse group of helping professionals involved in consultation at both the school and community levels. Central to these partnerships should be school counsellors; this systematic review sought to understand the dynamics of these partnerships using the PRISMA framework. The review found that the role school counsellors can play on these teams varies from leader to convener but the specificity in terms of outcomes was missing. Noteworthy is the number of conceptual pieces, which is interpreted as researchers developing models that need additional testing. Future research should put the conceptual models available to directional testing; authors should include more information about the team’s development and each person’s role; and more attention should be paid to the outcomes of these team-based approaches.     

国内高校信息素养教学效果评价研究系统综述

[目的/意义] 分析国内高校信息素养教学效果评价取得的成效、经验与不足，为后续实证调研提供参考。[方法/过程] 基于CNKI《中国学术期刊（网络版）》数据库，聚焦于信息素养教育与学生学习效果，利用系统综述方法对国内信息素养教学效果评价方法、评价类型、评价主体等进行研究。[结果/结论] 国内信息素养教学效果评价利用调查法、量表法、表现评价、小组评价等多种方法，取得了一定成就，但在评价方法的科学化、评价类型的多样化、评价主体的专业化方面还有待提高。     

优秀赛艇运动员网织红细胞参数特征及机能评定分析

采用Sysmex-2100全自动血细胞分析仪对优秀赛艇运动员网织红细胞参数进行分析,发现男运动员机能状态较好,女运动员未成熟网织红细胞IRF偏高,成熟网织红细胞LFR偏低,说明训练量和强度大,运动员膳食和营养素补充没有及时跟上,导致运动员训练能力下降。男、女运动员血色素正常,RBC、MCV、MCH、MCHC在正常范围内略有波动。     

基于项目反应理论的试题参数估计方法

探讨了几种常用的基于项目反应理论（IRT）的试题参数估计方法,并分析了每一种估计方法的优缺点及各自的适用领域,为构建基于IRT的试题库系统提供理论参考。