浅谈高校体育教学中的"体验教学"

体验教学是一种注重发掘学生主体潜能、沟通教育者与受教育者心灵的科学教学模式，它对高校体育教学有着革命性的意义．本文从人格体验、自我体验、情感体验、成功体验、角色体验五个方面，阐述了体验教学在高校体育教学中的实际操作和运用，并对高校体育教师的教学水平、教学能力提出了更高的要求．     

聘任制背景下中小学女教师的权益现状及维护

在聘任制背景下,中小学女教师的职业权益和作为女性公民的特殊权益都有可能遭受侵犯。对309名中小学女教师的调查表明,中小学女教师的权益正在受到不同程度的侵犯。为了更好地保护中小学女教师的权益,必须尽快健全教师聘任制度,尊重和切实保护女教师的特殊权益,并切实维护女教师的人身权利。     

Prospective primary teachers’ perceptions about the use of mathematics homework

The benefit of homework (HW) has been the subject of ongoing debate among various stakeholders. Within this debate, and in relation to teacher development, prospective teachers’ views of HW have received limited attention. In this study, we survey primary pre-service teachers’ (‘PSTs’) views of HW use (n = 45 teaching grades 2–5; n = 39 teaching grades 6 and 7) in a single discipline (mathematics) at one large Australian university.

The literature suggests students in upper primary and secondary grades will benefit from the use of mathematics HW. Results of the study, in contrast, suggest our PSTs teaching early primary grades planned to give proportionally (but not significantly) more mathematics HW than those teaching later grades. Reasons for this disparity are discussed. We argue there is a need in teacher development to equip PSTs with a better understanding of how classroom and home-based learning work together in the development of mathematical understanding.     

Primary teachers’ understanding of the interactive whiteboard as a tool for children’s collaborative learning and knowledge‐building

This paper reports on the second phase of a joint teacher/researcher project that explored teachers’ understandings of the potential of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) as a tool for primary school children’s collaborative group work. By examining teachers’ written analyses and discussions of work carried out in their own classrooms, the paper seeks to contribute to the debate about the ways in which the use of IWBs can contribute to changes in pedagogy. It highlights the interrelationships between collaborative learning and factors identified as important in the research carried out by teachers, amongst them the children’s technical skills and confidence, the mediating role of the teacher, the IWB affordances for knowledge‐building and the teachers’ own knowledge, attitudes and professional development. The paper also provides an account of how participation by the teachers in a course with Faculty staff, focused on the collaborative co‐construction of knowledge related to learning and to classroom research grounded in the values and principles of socio‐cultural theory, supported changes in pedagogic practice.     

大学教师的学术工作：类型、特征及影响因素分析

本研究应用对三所高校500名教师的调查数据,探讨了大学教师学术工作的类型、特征及其满意度。研究发现：(1)大学教师主要围绕教 学与研究活动展开学术工作,从事这两类活动的时间占其工作时间的比例约为80%,而从事服务、行政活动的时间所占的比例不足20%。以教学 为主、以科研为主和以行政服务为主三类教师所占的比例分别为59.0%、25.6%和15.4%。(2)随着大学教师资历的提高,其学术活动逐渐转向以 研究为主。(3)大学教师在学术政策和学术性决策中影响力非常有限,学术权力行使不充分。根据上述研究结果,本研究提出如下政策建议： (1)转变大学教师的学术观,使大学教师从更广泛的意义上理解学术的概念及其内涵。(2)鼓励资历深的大学教师更多地从事教学活动,防止大 学教师随着资历的提高而脱离教学第一线。(3)扩大大学教师的学术权力,更好地平衡学术权力与行政权力的关系。     

Self‐efficacy of prospective Austrian and German primary school teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive education

This study examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the Teacher Inclusive Education Self‐Efficacy Scale (TIESES). Five hundred and nineteen teacher education students from Austria and 765 teacher education students from Germany participated in the study. Results of a multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis (for the two countries) confirmed a single factor structure of the scale with partial scalar measurement invariance. Regression analysis showed that self‐efficacy when implementing inclusive education was explained by the motivation to deal with inclusive education during their studies, previous experience with inclusive education in internships, study interest and the country in which the students went to university.     

对我国小学教师专业化发展的思考

新课程改革在教育观、课程观、教师观、学生观等方面对教师提出了全新的要求,小学教师专业发展面临着重重困难。文章通过界定小学教师专业化发展的概念,分析小学教师的专业结构,针对影响小学教师专业发展的因素及存在问题,提出小学教师专业发展的途径及对策在于：构建一体化教育体系,实行专业化培养;改革小学教师教育课程,加强小学教育学科建设;加强高校培养小学教师的力度;培养小学教师的科研意识;搭建合作互助平台,打造教师发展共同体。     

Before,During, and After Examination: Development of Prospective Preschool Teachers’ Mathematics-Related Enjoyment and Self-Efficacy

This article examines the stability of Norwegian prospective preschool teachers’ enjoyment of mathematics and their mathematics-related self-efficacy before, during, and after a teacher-education examination. In addition, the stability of the two constructs across countries was examined through a comparison with Germany. The data revealed partial stability (technically speaking, metric invariance) of enjoyment but not of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy increased significantly before and after the examination without decreasing enjoyment, which may be a result of increased learning time. Prior mathematical knowledge predicted the level and development of enjoyment and self-efficacy in both countries. Many Norwegian students reported low mathematics-related enjoyment and self-efficacy, including negative developments. It may be important to provide positive experiences of mathematical activities during preschool teacher education.     

Playful structure: a novel image of early years pedagogy for primary school classrooms

Playful structure is a new pedagogic image representing a more balanced and integrated perspective on early years pedagogy, aiming to blend apparent dichotomies and contradictions and to sustain and evolve play-based practice beyond Year 1. Playful structure invites teachers and children to initiate and maintain a degree of playfulness in the child’s whole learning experience, even when the learning intentions demand a supportive structure. Thus, playfulness becomes characteristic of the interaction between adult and the child and not just characteristic of child-initiated versus adult-initiated activities, or of play-time versus task-time. The paper is based on intensive observations and interviews with teachers in Northern Ireland who participated in a play-based and informal curriculum. This paper explains how playful structure rests on complementary processes of infusion of structure into play-based activities and infusion of playfulness into more structured activities, illustrated by cameos. ‘Infusion’ suggests the subtle blending process that allows apparent dichotomies and contradictions to be resolved in practice.     

中职学前教育专业生物教学改革探究——以《自然科学基础知识》生物教学部分为例

当前中职学前教育专业培养目标普遍存在“重艺术技能,轻专业岗位能力”的现象,生物等一些自然学科被视为副科。本文通过调查研究,分析了学前专业学生的生源状况及生物教学存在的不足及产生的原因,并运用生物学教学论的理论,结合培养幼儿教师素质的全面性和发展的可持续性的教育理念提出了改革策略。