我国教师需要研究述评

我国以往对教师需要的研究比较侧重于理论层次,主要是从教育学、心理学视角来进行的,着重点在于城市中的教师。我们要对以往教师需要的研究进行反思,以期新的相关研究在研究方法、研究视角、研究重点、研究内容诸方面有所突破。     

In pursuit of becoming a senior coach: the learning culture for Australian Football League coaches

Background and Purpose: Given the turbulent and highly contested environment in which professional coaches work, a prime concern to coach developers is how coaches learn their craft. Understanding the learning and development of senior coaches (SCs) and assistant coaches (ACs) in the Australian Football League (AFL – the peak organisation for Australian Rules Football) is important to better develop the next generation of performance coaches. Hence the focus of this research was to examine the learning of SC and AC in the AFL. Fundamental to this research was an understanding that the AFL and each club within the league be regarded as learning organisations and workplaces with their own learning cultures where learning takes place. The purpose of this paper was to examine the learning culture for AFL coaches.

Method: Five SCs, 6 ACs, and 5 administrators (4 of whom were former coaches) at 11 of the 16 AFL clubs were recruited for the research project. First, demographic data were collected for each participant (e.g. age, playing and coaching experience, development and coach development activities). Second, all participants were involved in one semi-structured interview of between 45 and 90 minutes duration. An interpretative (hierarchical content) analysis of the interview data was conducted to identify key emergent themes.

Results: Learning was central to AFL coaches becoming a SC. Nevertheless, coaches reported a sense of isolation and a lack of support in developing their craft within their particular learning culture. These coaches developed a unique dynamic social network (DSN) that involved episodic contact with a number of respected confidantes often from diverse fields (used here in the Bourdieuian sense) in developing their coaching craft. Although there were some opportunities in their workplace, much of their learning was unmediated by others, underscoring the importance of their agentic engagement in limited workplace affordances.

Conclusion: The variety of people accessed for the purposes of learning (often beyond the immediate workplace) and the long time taken to establish networks of supporters meant that a new way of describing the social networks of AFL coaches was needed; DSN. However, despite the acknowledged utility of learning from others, all coaches reported some sense of isolation in their learning. The sense of isolation brought about by professional volatility in high-performance Australian Football offers an alternative view on Hodkinson, Biesta and James' attempt in overcoming dualisms in learning.     

我国难美体育项目竞赛表演市场价值趋向分析

运用社会调查法，以体育观众为研究对象，对我国难关体育项目竞赛表演市场的价值趋向进行分析，结果表明该市场具有直观性、趣味性和艺术性特征．     

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作为一种新型的教学模式,翻转课堂颠覆了传统的以知识系统传授为目的的授课方式,给高校教师带来了新的严峻的挑战。因此,高校教师只有正确应对翻转课堂提出的挑战,才能真正发挥翻转课堂的优势,促进高校教学质量的提高。     

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网络化时代的到来、全球经济的发展、知识经济的出现呼唤国际性和创新型人才。中国“普九”任务基本完成。基础教育课程改革深入开展，使以提高教师实施素质教育的能力和水平为重点的教师专业化走向新历程。这是中国教师教育新体系构建的时代背景。国际教师教育经验为建构中国教师教育新体系提供了启示。     

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大学教师的专业化发展是高校教师资源开发和学科建设的核心内容,它在保障和提升大学教育质量方面发挥了重要作用。各国大学教师专业发展的内容、程度和实现途径虽不尽相同,但也存在诸多相通之处。本文主要从学术研究、学位课程学习、教学实践和国际教育交流四个方面,论析当今大学教师专业发展的途径及其作用。     

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自20世纪80年代以来,美国教师入职教育蓬勃发展,被视为初任教师进入教学专业场域的必经部分,并一致认同入职教育的展开与教师留任、教师效能有关。美国教师入职教育在各州、各学区的施行虽不尽相同,但由各州教育主管部门、以美国新教师发展中心为代表的非营利性机构研究机构所倡导的评价体系大多涉及以下内容:评价初任教师、导师、行政管理人员等参与对象;勾勒评估框架,评价入职教育项目的投入与产出、结果与成效等整体全貌;评价入职教育政策,对全美各州现行入职教育政策进行回归分析,提炼关键要素,拟定参考标准等。     

美国高等教育中多元理念及其实践——基于俄亥俄州立大学的课程观察与思考

美国正迎来非同寻常的"后千禧一代":族裔最为多元化,受教育程度创历史最高。高等教育如何形塑新一代大学生的价值观,关乎整个社会的走向与未来。俄亥俄州立大学的课程设置和教育理念是对全球化与多元化社会的积极回应:人文通识课程教导学生审思国家特性,形塑学生的身份认同,正视"政治正确"与多元理念之间的困惑;系统研习移民社会史,使学生理解文化多元与社会融入议题;以"全球学习项目"构建学生的世界知识谱系,培养跨文化沟通与全球合作能力。美国高等教育面临的挑战实质上是主张多元文化思潮与捍卫西方正统文明之间的论争,认知并承认世界的多元性,才能建立一个有尊严而包容的社会。     

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新世纪的中国师范教育将在以下方面出现新发展、新变化 :减少办学层次、开放培养体系、完善课程结构、促进一体化教育、提高专业化水平、掌握信息技术、加强高师教师队伍建设