Mechanism of Antidiabetic Action of Compound GII Purified from Fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum graecum</Emphasis>) Seeds

To study the mechanism of action of water soluble compound GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds which was shown earlier to have antidiabetic effect in the subdiabetic, moderately and severely diabetic rabbits. In rabbits (1–1.5 kg bw) diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg bw of alloxan. They were fed with GII at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw daily once in the morning for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL + VLDL cholesterol [(LDL + VLDL)C], HDL cholesterol [(HDL)C], total tissue lipids, glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway) hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were estimated. Liver and kidney function parameters were also estimated. Treatment with GII for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and for 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits (i) decreased the elevated lipids TC, TG, (LDL + VLDL)C and increased the decreased (HDL)C, (ii) decreased the elevated liver and heart total lipids, TC and TG, (iii) increased the decreased liver and muscle glycogen, (iv) increased the decreased hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, (v) decreased the increased glucose-6-phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aldose reductase. Results thus show that treatment with GII compound purified from fenugreek seeds for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits corrects the altered serum lipids, tissue lipids, glycogen, enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, polyol pathway and antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological abnormalities (fatty infiltration and other cellular changes) seen in the pancreas, liver, heart and kidneys were repaired after treatment with GII. In fact partially damaged pancreas was repaired. Liver and kidney function test results were normal in the GII treated animals indicating that GII treatment is safe and free from any side effects.     

债转股中的博弈行为分析

国有企业债转股是中国金融资源支配权重新配置和利益再调整的政策措施，因此债转股存在的意义仅仅是化解金融风险、以及重新强调市场力量在金融资源配置中的作用。分析了国家(中央政府)、地方政府、国有企业、国有银行、和资产管理公司五个直接利益在债转股这场争夺金融资源支配权博弈中的一系列互动行为。研究结果表明，债转股政策的形成有其内在的合理性，在现有国有企业产权所有制不变和市场化机制没有建立的条件下，除非债转股的实施进程对各方都有利可图或者至少不被直接损害，否则难以取得预期效果，国家将最终承担起风险和债转股政策效率的损失。     

大学与企业交替作用促进学生自我塑造--德国达姆斯塔特工业大学的办学启示

德国达姆斯塔特工业大学是一所毕业生深受德国企业界欢迎的著名大学。文章通过分析其机械系的培养方案展示了大学与企业交替性发挥作用帮助学生通过自主性学习走向独立工作的过程,给正在改革的中国工程教育提出了几点改善学生自我塑造环境的建议：一是通过建立制度让企业更多地参与;二是聘用具有更多企业经历的、多层次的高校教师;三是要避免教师代替学生忙碌的现象。     

跳跃运动员起跳过程的肌肉工作方式与专项力量训练

本文对跳跃运动员起跳过程的肌肉工作方式特点进行了运动学、动力学探讨、观点新颖，对跳跃运动员的专项力量训练进行了再认识，并介绍了一些训练手段和方法，对指导科学训练及提高专项运动成绩有实际意义。     

教育行动研究的类型分析

教育行动研究是一个具有多种形态的研究过程,不同形态的行动研究具有不同的性质。从研究水平的角度,教育行动研究可以分为技术的、慎思的和解放的行动研究;从参与者的角度可以分为独立式、支持式和协同式行动研究。     

东北少数民族传统体育项目及其对体育的促进作用

东北少数民族传统体育项目内容丰富、形式多样、风格独特，具有较高的健身性、娱乐性和观赏性。介绍了东北少数民族(满族、蒙古族、朝鲜族等)传统体育项目的具体内容，并探析其对竞技体育、学校体育、全民健身的促进作用。     

知行统一观在篮球比赛中的运用研究

以全国航空管理系统篮球赛14个队的知行能力获胜率为研究对象，运用问卷调查等方法，对知行统一观在篮球比赛中的运用情况进行研究。结果显示：比赛是知行能力的竞争，知行统一是通变的基础；比赛中知的核心是知已知彼的认识过程，行的原则是避实击虚的实践过程。     

Formative assessment: the role of participatory action research in blending policy and practice in Uganda

This paper documents teachers’ assessment practices and pupils’ learning to read and write in large classes. To gain insights into the assessment practices and pupils’ learning, the principles of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development and participatory action research (PAR) design were adopted. Collaboratively, teachers reflected on their assessment practices, developed, implemented and monitored the assessment practices. Through observation, in-depth interview and review of exercise books, data were obtained. We argue that teachers’ involvement in PAR has contributed to changing assessment practices in large classes and in improving pupils’ competencies in reading and writing. On the other hand to promote better assessment practices, we advocate for reduced number of pupils in a class and teachers’ workload to enable them offer more support to the pupils during assessment of reading and writing.     

高技术虚拟产业集群知识产权运营作用机理与策略

为促进高技术虚拟产业集群（High-tech Virtual Industrial Cluster,HTVIC）知识产权运营及价值实现,在分析HTVIC知识产权运营活动后,研究了HTVIC知识产权运营的经济学作用机理,并给出相应的运营策略。     

劳动力外出务工对农户水土保持技术采用的影响——基于集体行动参与的中介效应

在农村劳动力转移的趋势下,黄土高原农户在时间禀赋恒定条件下的劳动力配置逐渐成为采用水土保持技术的关键因素,探究二者关系对于提高技术采用率、减少水土流失、改善生态环境具有重要意义。本文利用黄土高原区1197份农户的调查数据,使用Probit模型,主要考察了农户劳动力外出务工行为及时间长短对水土保持技术采用的影响,进一步运用逐步检验法,检验了农户参与集体行动对外出务工影响水土保持技术采用的中介效应。研究结果表明：①总体上,劳动力外出务工会促进其水土保持技术的采用。但异质性分析表明,随着劳动力外出务工时间延长,农户对农业收入依赖性降低,削弱了农户水土保持技术的采取。②农户参与村集体行动是劳动力转移影响农户水土保持技术采用行为的渠道之一,具有部分中介效应,证实了集体行动模式在水土保持技术应用推广中的价值。此外,农业经营决策者的受教育程度、务农年限与农户家庭的邻里互助、技术改善认知以及政府的技术推广活动均对农户的水土保持技术采用行为具有显著的正向影响。本文不仅提供了劳动力转移趋势下水土保持技术扩散的研究证据,对健全村集体行动以促进技术采用也具备一定的经验价值。