重大科技事件纪念日题材展览创作手记——以“东方红一号发射成功50周年科学家精神展”为例

“东方红一号”卫星发射成功,拉开了我国探索宇宙奥秘、和平利用太空的序幕。中国航天事业从无到有、从小到大,走出了一条具有鲜明中国特色的发展道路,孕育积淀了深厚博大的航天传统精神、“两弹一星”精神和载人航天精神。在重大科技事件、科学纪念日日益受到社会关注的当下,本文以“东方红一号发射成功50周年科学家精神展”为例,探讨在科技馆中弘扬科学家精神主题展览的策展机制、展览策划与布展创作。     

试论公共信息资源商品化及其政府对策

公共信息资源作为一种带有公共性质的资源,在管理的过程当中极易产生公共信息资源商品化问题。公共信息资源的商品化,一方面既可能导致对公众利益的损害,另一方面也可能促使信息资源实现最大限度的开发与利用。作为公共信息资源的最大管理主体,政府应该区别对待公共信息资源两种不同的商品化趋向,采取相应的对策,扬长避短,使信息资源实现配置效益最大化。     

现代信息技术条件下高校图书馆的转型与对策

文章认为在现代信息技术条件下，高校图书馆面临新的机遇与挑战，必须以逆水行舟不进则退的危急感进行改革，促进高校图书馆持续发展，满足科研与教学对文献信息的需求。     

科学技术活动的指标、模型与推论

科学技术活动的指标、数学模型等问题是一个讨论多年而未解决的问题,本文从科学技术活动的投入产出角度提出了相应的指标系列;并从科学技术投入产出的一因一果关系、多因一果关系、多因多果关系、线性与非线性关系等方面提出了相应的数学模型及定义定理;最后,根据这些定义定理,提出了科学技术发展在正常时期 (继承发展时期)和非常时期(转化、革命时期)的有关推论。     

Can constrained relevance feedback and display strategies help users retrieve items on mobile devices?

Searching online information resources using mobile devices is affected by small screens which can display only a fraction of ranked search results. In this paper we investigate whether the search effort can be reduced by means of a simple user feedback: for a screenful of search results the user is encouraged to indicate a single most relevant document. In our approach we exploit the fact that, for small display sizes and limited user actions, we can construct a user decision tree representing all possible outcomes of the user interaction with the system. Examining the trees we can compute an upper limit on relevance feedback performance. In this study we consider three standard feedback algorithms: Rocchio, Robertson/Sparck-Jones (RSJ) and a Bayesian algorithm. We evaluate them in conjunction with two strategies for presenting search results: a document ranking that attempts to maximize information gain from the user’s choices and the top-D ranked documents. Experimental results indicate that for RSJ feedback which involves an explicit feature selection policy, the greedy top-D display is more appropriate. For the other two algorithms, the exploratory display that maximizes information gain produces better results. We conducted a user study to compare the performance of the relevance feedback methods with real users and compare the results with the findings from the tree analysis. This comparison between the simulations and real user behaviour indicates that the Bayesian algorithm, coupled with the sampled display, is the most effective. Extended version of “Evaluating Relevance Feedback Algorithms for Searching on Small Displays, ” Vishwa Vinay, Ingemar J. Cox, Natasa Milic-Frayling, Ken Wood published in the proceedings of ECIR 2005, David E. Losada, Juan M. Fernández-Luna (Eds.), Springer 2005, ISBN 3-540-25295-9     

企业知识管理战略研究综述

在对1997-2004年国内外部分核心期刊上发表的知识管理战略研究论文及代表性的知识管理战略著作进行系统检索和分析研究的基础上,对国内外有关知识管理战略的理论基础、内涵、基本流派、管理过程等理论研究现状和知识管理战略在不同企业与行业中的应用研究现状进行综述;结合知识管理战略未来的研究热点,指出我国知识管理战略研究目前存在的问题。     

江苏省工程技术文献信息中心建设的进展

论文阐述了江苏省工程技术文献信息中心在信息资源建设、网络服务平台构建等方面的总体构建思路。     

哈佛大学工学院发展战略及其对新工科建设的启示

哈佛大学自2007年重建工程与应用科学学院以来,采取了与传统工程学科大相径庭的发展路径,以解决人类面临重大挑战的前沿科学为重点发展方向,以机制保障为学科交叉融合提供土壤,以空间优化调整助力研究、孵化、成果转化一体化发展,取得了显著成绩。哈佛大学工学院发展路径正体现了新工科建设思路,对我国高校加快建设发展新工科,推动学科深度交叉融合,优化调整空间布局,服务科研创新、成果转化等具有重要启示。     

Technological capital: an alternative to the digital divide

This paper identifies individuals’ accumulated history with Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a replacement for the contested and outdated term ‘digital divide.’ We propose that an individual’s ability to benefit from their technological history consists of four factors: awareness, knowledge, access, and technological capacity of the user’s social collective. Together, these factors make up the individual’s level or amount of Technological Capital. The development of this construct was based on empirical research conducted in Soweto, South Africa, and through an analysis of the literature on assessing individuals’ accumulated histories. The concept of technological capital has the potential for application in fields in which ICTs are used for communication, capacity building, and identifying barriers to adoption of new technologies. The use of the concept may have implications for policy decisions, resource allocation, and future research into differences among individuals’ and communities’ ability to benefit from the introduction of new technologies.     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.