Suicide prevention: Guidelines for schools

Adolescent suicide is escalating, especially among White male teenagers who use drugs and/or alcohol, are depressed or cognitively rigid, have maladaptive families, have experienced recent loss, misunderstand death, and know a suicide victim. Teachers can foster suicide resistance by developing teens' cognitive deterrents and encouraging adaptive coping strategies. Recommended assessment tools for potentially suicidal children and teens include the Reasons for Living Inventory and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. For teachers, intervention strategies include listening empathically, asking directly about potential suicide, and breaking confidentiality in cases of an actively suicidal child or teenager. Administratively, helpful strategies are hot lines, suicide prevention training modules, and publicity of popular students' adaptive responses to stress such as drug rehabilitation or therapy. After suicide, administrators should work to diminish survivor guilt, minimize scapegoating, and prevent contagion.     

模糊语言的语义特征

现实生活中,普遍地大量地存在和使用的是模糊语言,明确模糊语言的语义特征,对增大语言的内在信息,达到言简意丰的表达效果有一定的促进作用.     

Implementing community-based comprehensive sexuality education with high-risk youth in a conservative environment: lessons learned

Although comprehensive sexuality education programmes have the potential to improve the sexual health and well-being of young people, many socially conservative rural states in the USA have laws and policies restricting school-based comprehensive sexuality education and supporting abstinence-only education. This paper describes the process of building a community-university partnership to implement a community-based comprehensive sexuality education peer education programme for high-risk young people and presents preliminary findings from a longitudinal evaluation. Through purposive recruitment, the sample included 386 young people (mean age) who were more diverse than the local community. Important university-community partnership components included (1) establishing local connections and legitimacy, (2) adapting and tailoring programmes to meet community context, (3) sustainability planning, and (4) flexibility, persistence, and patience. Building community trust and capitalising on the mutual benefits of community-university partnerships are effective methods of building community sexuality education programming in a conservative environment. Tailoring evidence-based approaches to comprehensive sexuality education in a politically restrictive environment shows promise in improving the sexual and reproductive health of young people.     

影响体外受精-胚胎移植临床妊娠率因素的探讨

为探讨体外受精－胚胎移植（IVT－ET）过程中影响临床妊娠率的因素，对248个常规IVF－ET周期进行了分析，研究了夫妇年龄、穿刺卵泡数、获取卵母细胞数、卵母细胞成熟卵比率、卵母细胞空卵比率、精液精子质量和数量、授精前孵育时间、授精精子密度、受精率、多原核孕卵生成率、卵裂率、移植胚胎数目、胚胎累积评分及移植过程评分和临床妊娠之间的关系。结果表明，临床妊娠率与母方年龄呈显著性负相关（P＜0．05），与移植胚胎数目、胚胎累积评分和移植过程评分呈显著性正相关（P＜0．05）。说明母方年龄、移植胚胎数目、胚胎累积评分和移植过程评分是影响临床妊娠的重要因素。     

Serum and amniotic fluid mucoproteins in normal and toxaemic pregnancy

Serum and amniotic fluid mucoprotein concentrations were estimated in normal and toxaemic pregnant women. The levels were found to be higher in preeclampsia and eclampsia than the normal controls. Comparatively higher concentrations were observed in amniotic fluid than serum. Data suggest that the estimation of serum and amniotic fluid mucoproteins may be useful in assessing the severity of toxaemia of pregnancy and fetal well being.     

冻存胚胎复苏移植的影响因素

为探讨冻存胚胎复苏移植妊娠的影响因素，统计分析了28个周期127个冻存胚胎复苏移植的妊娠率与胚胎冻存前形态，细胞数，保存时间，复苏后存活率，培养至次日的继续分裂率等因素的关系，表明妊娠周期冻存前胚胎形态良好比较，复苏后存活率，复苏后培养至次日继续分裂的比例有增高的趋势，胚胎细胞数妊娠与非妊娠周期相似，形态良好胚胎复苏后存活率显著高于形态不良者，说明冻存前胚胎形态与胚胎复苏存活率和冻存胚胎复苏移植妊娠率关系重要。     

我国东北地区中超球队U-15与U-17青少年足球运动员非智力因素发展现状的调查研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法对我国东北地区中超球队U-15与U-17青少年足球运动员非智力因素发展现状进行调查研究。旨在为青少年足球运动员非智力因素培养研究提供参考。结果显示：东北地区中超球队U-15与U-17队员的非智力因素整体水平较高;主力与替补运动员的成就动机、情绪稳定性、运动焦虑和运动自信心的发展水平存在差异;U-15与U-17运动员运动热情和运动坚持性的发展水平存在差异。     

我国优秀青少年羽毛球运动员心理特征与运动成绩的相关研究

选择了各运动专项具有共性的部分心理特征指标,对我国优秀青少年羽毛球运动员(14～15岁)进行测试。结果表明,选择的指标中,大多数与运动成绩相关不显著,只有少数个性因素具有相关意义;神经类型的评价。可继续作为选拔羽毛球运动员时的初选指标。     

青少年羽毛球运动员的下肢关节力量研究——非优势侧

摘要：选取上海市体育运动学校男子羽毛球运动队的14名基本资料和运动成绩相近的运动员为实验对象,对照组与实验组各7名,对照组按照常规的技术训练和下肢整体力量训练,实验组对下肢关节肌肉有针对性的力量训练（非优势侧的力量训练）。通过biodex仪器对下肢膝、踝主要关节周围的肌肉力量进行监测分析羽毛球运动员各关节屈伸肌群峰力矩的均值。结论：1）有针对性的训练可改变两侧下肢的差异水平,训练可以减小两侧下肢差距,使两侧下肢肌肉工作能力更加接近。2）青少年羽毛球运动员在两种角速度下优势侧和非优势侧的伸肌峰力矩都比屈肌峰力矩大,但都随角速度的增快而逐渐下降,说明青少年运动员的力量耐力很小,经过非优势侧力量训练能提高青少年羽毛球运动员的力量耐力。3）运动员经过训练后优势与非优势侧关节的屈伸肌群肌力矩的平衡有很大的改善。4）训练前后两侧膝关节等速收缩屈伸肌群峰力矩差异对比分析:对非优势侧的力量加强可减缓下肢肌肉持续的受力过程。5）通过与实验数据发现,青少年羽毛球运动员的爆发力很难通过短期的训练得到显著的效果,但运动员的最大力量和灵敏性训练在青少年时期是可以提高的,但训练中的负荷和频率要控制。     

Role of oxidative stress while controlling iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy - Indian scenario

Iron Deficiency anemia ranks 9^th among 26 diseases with highest burden. Asia bears 71% of this global burden. Adverse maternal and birth outcome associated with hemoglobin status renders the issue worth attention. Indian scenario has worsened over the period despite continuous international and national efforts. This indicates some lacunae in the approach and strategies applied. Various reports state that even with maximum effort to increase outreach and monitoring for adherence to Iron schedule, consumer’s compliance remains abysmally low. Recent studies has pointed out biological basis of side effects (gastrointestinal complains and systemic events) as raised oxidative stress for which iron is the key catalyst. Up till now the only target of research has been to raise hemoglobin of pregnant women above 11gm/dl. With the reports of pregnancy specific morbidities i.e. hemorrhage and septicemia with low hemoglobin, eclampsia, small for gestation age, gestational diabetes with higher ranges of hemoglobin, alarm is raised to define optimum range. Use of oxidative stress as biochemical marker with different doses and schedules has been defined because India lack information for its own population upon oxidative stress status when iron is supplemented as per current guidelines. Studies done in India and abroad have defined that too much and too less, both may raise oxidative stress and studies of this sort may provide biochemical scale for optimization. This review therefore has evaluated currently available Indian research and reports to understand the need of future research area. Important findings from other countries have been incorporated for comparison.