The experience of pregnancy: a hermeneutical/phenomenological study

The aim of this study was to describe women''s experience of pregnancy. The setting was the Alternative Birth Center at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg, Sweden, from 1996 to 1997. Anonymous diaries were written by 12 women and analyzed using a hermeneutical/phenomenological approach. The essential structure and interpretation of women''s experience of pregnancy can be expressed as “transition to the unknown,” which includes three themes: (1) meeting one''s life situation, (2) meeting something inevitable, and (3) preparing for the unknown.The essential structure and interpretation of women''s experience of pregnancy can be expressed as “transition to the unknown” …     

Rethinking the marginalizing discourses around teenage pregnancy

ABSTRACT

This article examines the literature on schooling for teenage mothers in order to expose the normalizing discourses that position young mothers as at risk for failure. Through an exploration of the historical and socio-cultural positioning of teenage mothers over the past few decades, the author illustrates the schooled responses to adolescent mothers and the responses of adolescent mothers to school structures and marginalizations. The article concludes with suggestions for further research that would address the achievements and the strengths of young mothers and may provide space for thinking about other groups of students who have traditionally been labeled at risk.     

浅谈青少年田径运动员的基础训练

运用献法、访谈法对青少年田径运动员基础训练的意义、身心特点、训练方法和手段进行论述，以期为基层青少年田径教练员教学和训练提供参考．     

我国14~17岁青少年女性体育参与障碍因素分析——基于社会生态学模型

为了更深层次了解我国青少年女性体育参与率降低的原因,基于社会生态学模型,分别从个人、人际关系、社会环境、政策障碍因素四个维度设计问卷,对我国11个城市的800名14~17岁青少年女性展开调查,揭示影响我国青少年女性体育参与的主要障碍因素。研究发现：14~17岁青少年女性能感知个人、人际关系、社会环境、政策障碍因素的影响。体育参与障碍因素对不经常参与运动的青少年女性影响较大,其中个人障碍因素对不经常参与运动的青少年女性影响较大,社会环境障碍因素对经常参与运动的女性影响较大;个人障碍因素中的生理期影响、运动中在意个人形象、没有时间、缺乏运动知识和技能,人际关系障碍因素中运动中缺少朋友陪伴、缺乏女性体育榜样、社会环境障碍因素中的自然环境、社会体育氛围,政策障碍因素中缺乏女性体育组织、参与时缺少适合女性使用的体育设施等都影响着青少年女性的体育参与。对策：宏观上使用智慧化场馆管理照顾不同时间女性的运动需求,通过社会媒体和体育名人增加女性体育报道,改变女性在体育中的性别刻板印象等;微观上组织家庭体育活动或学校团体运动,邀请体育领域中的领军人物为青少年女性树立运动榜样等。     

The Family Festival Prevention Model: findings from a pilot of a teenage pregnancy prevention programme conceptualised by and for Mexican American communities

Despite an overall reduction in teenage pregnancy rates in the USA, the decrease for young women of Mexican heritage in the USA has been less significant than the decrease for their White and African-American peers. Furthermore, the availability of teenage pregnancy prevention models that are conceptualised specifically for people of Mexican descent is minimal. Using qualitative focus group data that were triangulated against quantitative survey data and collected from 35 young people and their parents, this paper presents findings from the pilot of a teenage pregnancy prevention model designed for and with input from Mexican American young women and men and their parents. Reflecting a favourable and impactful experience for the participants, the findings present implications for future intervention efforts and research.     

Pre- and Postnatal Women's Leisure Time Physical Activity Patterns

The purpose of this study was to examine women's leisure time physical activity (LTPA) before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and through the first 7 months postnatal. Pre- and postnatal women (n = 309) completed the 12-month Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and demographic information. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate a growth curve representing the average change in LTPA over time and intraindividual variations in the average growth curve over time. Growth curve estimates for the linear, quadratic, and cubic trends were significant (p < .05), indicating that LTPA declined during pregnancy but then increased following birth. The results also demonstrated that the individual trajectories of LTPA varied substantially from the average growth curve. One demographic predictor variable (having other children at home) was significant (p < .05).     

Impact of compliance with different guidelines on physical activity during pregnancy and perceived barriers to leisure physical activity

Abstract

The aims of the this prospective study were to analyse physical activity (PA) engagement during the first and second trimesters, considering the different guidelines published on PA, to document the individual characteristics associated with the accomplishment of these guidelines and to examine pregnant women’s perceived barriers to leisure PA, using a socioecological framework. A sample of 133 pregnant women in two stages – at 10–12 weeks’ gestation (T1) and 20–22 weeks’ gestation (T2) – were evaluated. PA was assessed by accelerometry during the T1 and T2 evaluation stages. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and barriers to leisure PA were assessed via questionnaire. A large proportion of women (ranging from 32% to 96%) did not reach the levels of PA recommended by the guidelines. There were no significant differences between T1 and T2 with regard to compliance with PA recommendations. A decrease in PA levels from T1 to T2 was noted for all recommendations. No associations were found between participants’ characteristics and adherence to the recommendations in T1 and T2. No significant differences were found in barriers to leisure PA between T1 and T2. The most commonly reported barriers to leisure PA were intrapersonal, not health related. Our results indicate that there were no differences between trimesters regarding compliance of PA recommendations, and perceived barriers were similar in both trimesters.     

Girls at risk. Early school‐leaving and early marriage in the 1950s

Britain in the 1950s offered increased opportunities for secondary education leading to better career prospects at a time of full employment. A government report into early leaving in 1954 noted that it was girls of all social classes who were most ‘at risk’ of not staying the course. The following article discusses first the nature of risk and suggests that for girls perhaps, staying at school and delaying marriage, at a time when unequal pay and opportunities were the norm, was perceived as more of a risk than the safety of marriage and dependent domesticity. It then considers the concerns of the Early Leaving Report in more detail. Despite the attempts by policy makers to encourage girls into education, there were rival discourses which persuaded girls into domesticity and the article concludes by indicating the varied and pervasive nature of some of this rhetoric.     

青少年“粉丝”的现状及引导策略

近年来,青少年“粉丝”作为泛娱乐化时代下新崛起的一个群体受到越来越多的关注。一方面,面对大众质疑和批判的眼光,他们事实上并非人们想象中的那么极端狂热,相反,他们中的大多数正日趋理性;另一方面,青少年“粉丝”在娱乐化浪潮和消费主义的双重驱动下表现出的过度沉迷及盲目消费的倾向,也亟需相关的社会力量予以矫正。为此,学校、家庭及媒体都应积极采取措施,对青少年“粉丝”的心理和行为加以引导,从而保证其健康成长。