Therapeutic Alliance: A Concept for the Childbearing Season

This analysis was conducted to describe the concept of therapeutic alliance and its appropriateness for health-care provider-client interactions during the childbearing season. The concept has been defined in other disciplines. A universal definition suggested a merging of efforts directed toward health. A simple and concise definition evolved, which is applicable to the childbearing season as well as to health-care encounters across the life span. This definition states: Therapeutic alliance is a process within a health-care provider-client interaction that is initiated by an identified need for positive client health-care behaviors, whereby both parties work together toward this goal with consideration of the client''s current health status and developmental stage within the life span.     

宫内节育器异位妊娠原因的临床分析

通过对4年来就诊的858例异位妊娠病人的临床资料进行综合整理,分析放置宫内节育器（IUD）140例与异位妊娠发生率的关系,认为带宫内节育器的妇女易并发盆腔炎症,其异位妊娠的发病率增加,误诊率增高,因此放置宫内节育器前了解适应症和禁忌症是至关重要的.     

通俗文化对现代设计的影响

对现代社会中衍生兴起的通俗文化的界定和对通俗文化的缘起和发展，可看出通俗文化对于现代设计尤其是五六十年代欧美波普设计的影响，包括电影、青年独立文化、流行音乐等与波普设计的关系。而设计活动的主体——设计师在通俗文化设计中所起的地位和作用也大大提升。     

Development of Long Live Love+, a school-based online sexual health programme for young adults. An intervention mapping approach

This paper describes the development of a Dutch online programme called Long Live Love+ focusing on positive, coercion-free relationships, contraception use, and the prevention of STIs, using the Intervention Mapping (IM) approach. All six steps of the approach were followed. Step 1 confirmed the need for a sexual health programme targeting young people aged 15 and over enrolled in higher level secondary education. Step 2 resulted in the production of a series of matrices-of-changes, including detailed programme objectives at the behavioural and the psycho-social level. Step 3 involved the selection of relevant methods and applications. Step 4 consisted of programme development, resulting in a sexual health programme with online and offline components, and including interactive exercises. Step 5 focused on adoption and implementation and included the production of a detailed teacher manual. Step 6 involved detailed planning for the process and effect evaluation and included interviews with teachers and focus group discussions with students to evaluate their experiences of the programme. The inclusion of a linkage group – and especially the inclusion of teachers in the development of the programme – turned out to be essential in terms of developing a programme in line with their context and needs.     

青少年犯罪的原因及预防对策

青少年犯罪是一个十分复杂的社会问题，当前青少年犯罪占各类刑事犯罪总数的比例有不断上升的趋势，其产生的原因是多方面的，既有青少年自身的生理、心理特点方面的原因，也有家庭教育、学校教育和社会不良因素的影响，预防和减少青少年犯罪是全社会的共同责任和神圣使命，需要家庭、学校和全社会的共同努力。     

Sexualities,teenage pregnancy and educational life histories in Portugal: experiencing sexual citizenship?

This article focuses on Portuguese working-class teenage girls’ voices and experiences concerning sexuality and pregnancy. Within a sociological, feminist and educational framework, it explores the girls’ perspective on sexual and intimate citizenship as evidence of fairer forms of regulation of teenage sexualities. Through building life histories of three pregnant and teenage mothers, this article aims to understand how girls rehearse and live out their sexualities and pregnancies as well as listen to their voices and recognise their demand for inclusion and respect. Gender power relations emerge as central in configuring girls’ pathways and shed light on youth pregnancy.     

青少年速滑运动员心率控制训练负荷的探索

合理安排运动负荷是提高青少年速度滑冰运动员训练科学化水平的前提条件。利用青少年速度滑冰运动员长期训练过程中的基础心率、运动心率和运动后心率的变化特征来控制训练负荷,有助于教练员正确执行训练计划。教练员熟练掌握心率控制训练负荷的方法,并能将其实施在训练中,就会使运动员摆脱消极、单纯的体力训练。使用心率作为控制训练强度的手段,要注意青少年速度滑冰运动员的疲劳、情绪、疾病情况、训练环境的温度、场地的海拔高度,以及训练的方式等情况的变化。     

ZPI基因外显子-3多态性与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期的相关性探讨

目的：探讨蛋白z依赖的蛋白酶抑制物（ZPI）基因外显子-3（exon-3）多态性与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期的相关性。方法：选择健康孕妇30例、妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期36例,用ELISA竞争法测定其血浆ZPI水平。用直接DNA测序法对ZPI基因exon-3测序。结果：ZPI含量健康妊娠组为（144．32±75．45）pg／mL,妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期组为（137．61±42．95）pg／mL,两组之间无显著性差异（F=0．131,P=0．719）。ZPI基因外显子-3测序结果,发现在exon-3137A〉G、181A〉G、481A〉T存在基因多态性,但这三种基因型频率和等位基因频率分布,两组之间均无统计学差异（均P〉0．05）。结论：ZPI基因exon-3137A〉G、181A〉G、481A〉T存在基因多态性,但与妊娠高血压疾病子痫前期关系不大。     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The books, CD, and DVDs reviewed in this issue''s column address the following topics: natural, safe, and healthy birth practices; doula care; breastfeeding; empowering women to make healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy; encouraging mothers to bond with their babies before birth; and fathers'' and partners'' supportive role during labor and birth.     

美国青少年社区体育探析

采用文献资料调研方法对美国青少年社区体育进行阐述,揭示其特点所在,并运用比较分析的方法,对中、美青少年在体育活动认识上的内因差异进行分析。结果认为,只有提高认识,推动我国青少年社区体育活动的开展,鼓励孩子参加体育活动,培养他们良好的体育行为习惯,才能保证青少年健康成长。