Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

Effects of different warm-up modalities on power output during the high pull

This study compared the effects of six warm-up modalities on peak power output (PPO) during the high-pull exercise. Nine resistance-trained males completed six trials using different warm-ups: high-pull specific (HPS), cycle, whole body vibration (WBV), cycle+HPS, WBV+HPS and a control. Intramuscular temperature (T_m) was increased by 2°C using WBV or cycling. PPO, T_m and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during each trial. Two high-pulls were performed prior to and 3 min after participants completed the warm-up. The greatest increase in PPO occurred with HPS (232.8 ± 89.7 W, P < 0.001); however, this was not different to combined warm-ups (cycle+HPS 158.6 ± 121.1 W; WBV+HPS 177.3 ± 93.3 W, P = 1.00). These modalities increased PPO to a greater extent than those that did not involve HPS (all P < 0.05). HPS took the shortest time to complete, compared to the other conditions (P < 0.05). EMG did not differ from pre to post warm-up or between modalities in any of the muscles investigated. No change in T_m occurred in warm-ups that did not include cycling or WBV. These results suggest that a movement-specific warm-up improves performance more than temperature-related warm-ups. Therefore, mechanisms other than increased muscle temperature and activation may be important for improving short-term PPO.     

试论保守力具势的证明

本文借鉴热力学中一种巧妙的证明方法,用直观的物理论证给出了保守力具势的充分性证明,克服了以往在理论力学课程中只有利用复杂的数学工具才能进行充分性证明,学生难以理解的缺点．     

预冷对运动员高温环境下运动表现的影响研究

很多研究表明高温环境对运动员的运动表现是有害的,如对氧运输能力、心血管功能以及内环境和离子平衡都会造成不良影响。体育科研人员发现预冷处理能够改善运动员在高温环境下的运动表现。预冷处理是指在训练前或比赛前,预先将运动员身体做降温处理,通过降低核心体温、改善心血管压力、减少代谢失调等来调整各项生理指标,提升运动员的热贮存能力,延缓运动疲劳产生,使运动员在训练或比赛时有良好的运动表现。     

货舱温度场及气象条件的分析计算

远洋运输中的货物霉变除了与货物自身的理化特性有关外,货物的外部环境即货舱中的气象条件也是一个重要因素。长期以来,货物在运输过程中的货舱通风通常均依据经验来控制。本文分析计算了货舱中描述气象条件的多个物理量之间的函数关系以及主要参数,并利用解析法和图解法来确定其数值,以达到符合热力学和通风工程规律的通风要求,获得良好的货舱气象条件。     

激光束扫描工件进出端边界差异的研究

分析了激光束扫描工件进出端边界差异产生的原因,并利用“像光源”理论分析计算进出端边界的温度响应,提出了减少和消除进出端差异的方法及差异特性的合理利用。     

HfOxNy薄膜的制备及其性能研究

本文采用磁控溅射法制备了HfOxNy高介电薄膜，结合XRD、XPS等手段研究了退火温度对薄膜的结构和化学键态的影响，发现N的掺入使Hf4f峰位向低能方向移动．而随着退火温度的升高，Hf4f的双峰峰位向着高结合能的方向移动，这表明N的含量随着退火温度的升高而降低．XRD结果显示N的掺人能提高薄膜的晶化温度．     

关于有源高功率因数电子镇流器的讨论

讨论高性能电子镇流器系统必需具备的电路结构、功率因子校正电路的基本原理,介绍美国微线形公司(MicroLinearCorporation)生产的高性能电子镇流器控制器ML4831的基本工作原理、特点。     

用 S7-200 PLC I/O 口传输打印数据的 STEP 7 语言实现

在对ＳＩＥＭＥＮＳＳ７－２００系列ＰＬＣ的专用编程软件ＳＴＥＰ７的功能和特点进行归纳的基础上，介绍了应用ＳＴＥＰ７语言实现ＳＩＭＡＴＩＣＳ７－２００ＰＬＣＩ／Ｏ口传输并行打印数据的编程技术关键。     

基于遥感的自贡市热岛效应时空变化特征分析

自从卫星遥感技术诞生以来,在世界范围内城市热岛效应得到了广泛的研究。在反演了自贡市2000年和2009年城区地表温度的基础上,提取了研究区的植被覆盖度(Fv)和不透水面(ISA)。通过回归分析发现,自贡市的不透水面对城区的地表温度呈正相关关系而植被覆盖度呈负相关关系。时间上两大因素所起的作用也有差别,2009年不透水面对地表温度起的升温作用较2000年更大,2009年植被覆盖度对地表温度产生的降温作用更小。说明随着时间的推移自贡市还需加大城市绿化才能有效缓解城市热岛效应。