Circadian rhythm effect on physical tennis performance in trained male players

To determine the effect of circadian rhythm on neuromuscular responses and kinematics related to physical tennis performance, after a standardised warm-up, 13 highly competitive male tennis players were tested twice for serve velocity/accuracy (SVA), countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (IS), agility T-test (AGIL) and a 10-m sprint (10-m RUN). In a randomised, counter-balance order, tennis players underwent the test battery twice, either in the morning (i.e., AM; 9:00 h) and in the afternoon (i.e., PM; 16:30 h). Paired t-tests were used to analyse differences due to time-of-day in performance variables. Comparison of morning versus afternoon testing revealed that SVA (168.5 ± 6.5 vs. 175.2 ± 6.1 km · h^?1; P = 0.003; effect size [ES] = 1.07), CMJ (32.2 ± 0.9 vs. 33.7 ± 1.1 cm; P = 0.018; ES = 1.46), AGIL (10.14 ± 0.1 vs. 9.91 ± 0.2 s; P = 0.007; ES = 1.23) and 10-m RUN time (1.74 ± 0.1 vs. 1.69 ± 0.1 s; P = 0.021; ES = 0.67) were significantly blunted during the morning testing. However, IS was not affected by time-of-day (P = 0.891). Thus, tennis performance may be reduced when competing in the morning in comparison to early evening. Therefore, coaches and tennis players should focus on schedule the SVA, power, speed and agility training sessions in the afternoon.     

Swedish PE teachers’ understandings of legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system

Background: Physical Education (PE) has been associated with a multi-activity model in which movement is related to sport discourses and sport techniques. However, as in many international contexts, the Swedish national PE syllabus calls for a wider and more inclusive concept of movement. Complex movement adapted to different settings is valued, and in the national grading criteria qualitative measures of movement are used. This research seeks to examine how the wider concept of movement is interpreted and graded. Drawing on Bernstein’s concept of the pedagogic device, the paper explores teachers’ roles as active mediators in the transformation of national grading criteria for movement and the kinds of movement that are valued in teachers’ grading practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what PE teachers consider legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system and the factors that influence their grading practice. The Repertory Grid (RG) technique was employed in order to access their tacit knowledge. Methodology: Seven Swedish PE teachers were interviewed, all of whom teach and grade years seven to nine in different compulsory schools. Using the RG technique, the teachers were asked to reflect on the aspects they considered important for achieving a high grade. The national grading criteria for years seven to nine were then presented one at a time and the teachers were asked to describe how they assessed and graded each requirement. The teachers were also asked whether any specific factors had influenced their grading. In the content analysis, the second part of the interview was attended to first and the results were interpreted in light of Bernsteins’ concept of the pedagogic device. Findings: Sport techniques and competitive sports influenced the teachers’ interpretations of what constitutes complex movement. The aspect of fitness also appeared to be valued by the teachers in that it facilitates the valued movement. In some cases the difficulty of describing movement qualities in words could reduce the concept of movement to something measurable and quantifiable. The teachers’ concerns about students’ unequal opportunities to develop and demonstrate their skills also influenced the teachers’ interpretation of complex movement. Conclusions: In the transformation of national grading criteria to grading practice, the pedagogic actions taken inform and limit the way in which legitimate movement in PE is conceptualised. Adopting a concept of movement that is wider than competitive sports allows the structures of inequality to be addressed and enables the movements performed by students with other moving experiences than competitive sports to be valued. The tension between the demands of transparency in a high stakes grading system and the inability to articulate the quality of complex movements is problematic. There is a need to verbalise teachers’ conceptions about physical education knowledge to be able to discuss and develop the concept of movement. In this process, the RG technique is a potentially useful tool. Having the language to discuss movement qualities also enables us to strengthen the interrelation between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.     

试论中国武术套路运动形式形成的渊源

通过阅读大量的相关史料 ,运用了多种逻辑推理和分析综合法 ,得出的结论是 :原始“舞武”即战舞是武术套路徒手或器械动作及其组合形式形成的雏形 ;汉代“宣武舞”自成体系 ,奠定了中国独具特色的武术套路运动的基础 ;中国传统文化的生存和繁衍环境 ,导致了中华民族固有的本性 ,是派生武术套路运动形成的源头。     

田径技术动作协调能力的特征及其分类模式的初步研究

田径技术动作协调能力的研究是一个薄弱环节。通过对田径技术与动作协调能力的发展关系 ,田径技术动作协调能力的特征与分类模式的探讨 ,认为动作协调能力是运动技能的构成成分 ,田径技术动作协调能力具有体能—躯体复杂动作协调的特征 ,并对其进行了五种模式划分 ,为今后对少年儿童田径技术动作协调能力发展规律研究指标体系的设计 ,提供了理论依据     

身体运动功能训练理论探究

文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对身体运动功能训练的相关理论问题进行分析,目的：明确身体运动功能训练的概念、理论基础、评估手段、身体功能训练与传统体能训练的关系。结论：身体运动功能训练为了预防损伤、提高运动能力,以动作模式训练为核心、以运动链理论、动作发展理论为基础的新型体能训练体系。与传统体能训练相比,身体运动功能训练重点解决关节的灵活性、身体稳定性,基本动作模式、动作效率的问题,它是传统体能训练的基础;传统体能训练是在此基础上的提高,是运动表现的关键。     

由功能性动作筛查结果看武术套路运动员的体能训练

对广东省武术套路项目一线运动员进行功能性动作筛查（FMS）,经过对筛查结果进行分析发现,广东省武术套路项目运动员整体FMS筛查结果比较理想（平均得分16.07）,但在躯干稳定俯卧撑以及旋转稳定性测试中得分较低,另外在跨栏架和直线弓步测试中分别有43%和36%的队员出线双侧不均衡的情况,表明核心稳定性不足以及非对称性动作时双侧肢体功能表现不均衡的问题较为突出,需要在专项体能训练中进一步改善和加强。     

透明质酸与运动能力

分析了透明质酸的多种生物学功能,尤其在保水、清除自由基、运动损伤治疗和增加运动免疫方面的功能,探讨其提高运动能力的生物学机制,并对其作为运动营养补剂的发展前景给予展望。     

现阶段我国体育产业相关理论创新问题研究

分述传统或现阶段主流的体育产业理论问题:体育产业的理论学科属性、内涵及分类、发展中的重点产业问题、体育产业发展不平衡问题,指出体育产业理论创新是发展现阶段我国体育产业的关键,提出适应现阶段及未来一段时期内的体育产业理论创新思路、新观点。即体育产业的经济学属性问题、内涵和分类的体育增值业概念、运用体育产业阶段论解释现阶段重点产业问题以及不平衡性的另一层积极效应。     

我国优秀女子举重运动员主要专项辅助动作成绩与竞赛动作成绩相关分析

采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对我国优秀女子举重运动员主要专项辅助动作成绩与竞赛动作成绩进行相关研究。结果显示:主要专项辅助动作成绩与竞赛动作成绩具高度显著性相关;高抓、高翻借力推、宽硬拉成绩与抓举成绩,下蹲翻半挺成绩与挺举成绩直接相关;高抓、高翻借力推、下蹲翻半挺成绩共同作用影响抓举成绩;下蹲翻半挺、前深蹲成绩共同作用影响挺举成绩;主要专项辅助动作成绩受爆发力和绝对力量的影响。     

对我国现役女子铁饼运动员动作技术的运动学分析及专项能力特征的研究

以近三年在亚洲田径锦标赛分别取得过前四名,在世界田径锦标赛取得第五名和第十一名的现役的四名女子铁饼运动员为研究对象,通过近景动态立体摄影的方法,将比赛录像资料按照专项技术的运动学参数统计成研究数据,进行专业分析,并结合专项技术能力指标分析其专项能力特征。