计及碳排放的电力工业与火电行业生态效率实证分析(2001—2011)

提升生态效率是促进我国电力工业特别是火电行业节能减排与持续健康发展的主要途径。利用2001—2011年全国电力工业和火电行业的发电量、装机容量、从业人员、原料投入和SO2、CO2排放数据,采用数据包络分析方法计算整个电力工业和火电行业的生态效率,结果表明:火电为主的行业结构是影响电力工业生态效率的主要因素。将生态效率分解为经济效率和环境效率,采用Tobit回归分析方法分析电力工业与火电行业的生态效率、经济效率与环境效率之间的计量关系,结果表明:经济效率对生态效率存在负向的影响,进一步提高电力工业的经济效率将使生态效率降低;而环境效率对生态效率存在正向影响,火电行业的环境问题是影响整个电力工业生态效率的主要因素。     

制备MnO纳米颗粒的新方法

以碳酸锰在氩气中的热重分析为理论依据,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜对碳酸锰在氩气中热分解最终产物进行分析。研究结果表明:碳酸锰在氩气中的热分解过程可以分为:(1)在300℃前,碳酸锰的质量损率失约7.5%,此过程是碳酸锰因受热而失去吸附水或者结晶水;(2)在300~500℃之间,失去吸附水或者结晶水的样品质量损失率最大,其质量损失率约为30%,其热分解产物为粒径约为50 nm左右的Mn O球形颗粒。     

豫西北既有居住建筑平屋面节能改造研究

为提高豫西北既有居住建筑平屋面保温节能效果,分析了豫西北既有居住的屋面结构类型及热工性能,提出了平改平、平改坡等节能改造方案,并从选择保温材料、确定保温层及对内部进行冷凝验算等方面对屋顶节能改造可行性技术进行了研究,为豫西北既有居住建筑平屋顶进行节能改造提供了切实可行的改造措施。     

浅析我国太阳能光热发电产业发展趋势

随着空气质量、环境污染等问题日益严重,传统能源正遭受越来越频繁的质疑,各种新能源从诞生之日起就备受期待。太阳能光热发电是新能源利用的一个重要方向。本文从政策、产业链、示范项目等方面,分析了我国太阳能光热发电产业发展现状;并从政策环境、光热发电技术、技术经济性等方面,探讨了制约我国太阳能光热发电产业链发展的因素。     

Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses

Theaflavins (TFs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins, which are specially formed during black tea fermentation. To explore the differences among four main TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF₁), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF₂A), theaflavin-3′-gallate (TF₂B), and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF₃)) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, their properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidative damage were systematically analyzed in the present study. The results show that, compared with (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), TF derivatives were good antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro. TF₃ was the most positive in scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and TF₁ suppressed superoxide. Positive antioxidant capacities of TF₂B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found. The differences between the antioxidant capacities of four main TF derivatives in relation to their chemical structures were also discussed. We suggest that these activity differences among TF derivatives would be beneficial to scavenge different ROS with therapeutic potential.     

Modeling of Light-Induced Changes in Reflectance Spectra: A Predictive Tool for the Effect of an Arbitrary Spectral Irradiance

Optical radiation is capable of altering the spectral reflectance of layers of colorants. Light damage is of particular importance in respect to unique historical objects in exhibitions. The major parameter governing this process is the spectral irradiance applied to the surface. As this may vary significantly for different light sources, an experimental investigation of the damage potential of the numerous illuminants available is a cumbersome task. In this work a numerical algorithm for the prediction of modifications of the spectral reflectance of colorants subject to a given arbitrary spectral irradiance over a given time is presented. It uses the temporal evolution of the spectral reflectance of the dye or pigment at issue when irradiated by a set of narrowband light sources as input data. The predicted reflectance spectra and the resulting color changes are compared to those measured for samples irradiated with common polychromatic light sources. The concept described in this work aims at the implementation of a standardized procedure and database for the prediction of radiative damage for a comprehensive range of pigments and dyes.     

吸收式热泵在火电厂余热供暖中的应用分析

简述了溴化锂吸收式热泵的工作原理及性能评价指标,分析了吸收式热泵在火电厂余热供暖中的应用。通过实际案例说明吸收式热泵在火电厂循环水余热供暖方面具有很好的经济效益、社会和环境效益。并对热泵在火电厂余热供暖方面的进一步开发、应用与推广提出几点建议。     

技术进步对中国火力发电部门要素偏向与能源强度的影响

在碳达峰、碳中和的背景下,中国电力部门的碳减排一方面依赖于能源结构的优化,另一方面也需要火力发电部门能源强度的降低。本文基于中国火力发电企业层面数据,在超越对数成本函数的框架中纳入企业研发投入、外商直接投资、环境规制3种技术进步来源,采用似不相关回归法估计成本函数系数,进而估算要素替代弹性,分析不同来源技术进步对要素投入及能源强度的影响,讨论技术进步的要素偏向性。研究结论发现：①企业研发投入、外商直接投资的技术溢出效应带来显著的中性技术进步和要素节约,均对能源强度下降有显著贡献;相较于东部企业和大型企业,中西部企业、小型企业的技术进步效应较弱。②环境规制主要通过设备更新等直接效应实现能源偏向性技术进步,而通过企业研发投入的间接机制实现技术进步的影响并不显著。因此,有必要通过促进创新成果推广应用、建设区域间企业交流合作平台、完善环境规制政策组合等措施,激励不同来源技术进步对中国火力发电行业能源要素节约、能源强度下降的作用。     

薄膜材料热物性测量的FDTR信号敏感度比较

基于光热反射技术的原理,采用柱坐标下的傅里叶导热模型,以矩阵传递的形式,推导并计算得出连续型、脉冲型频域光热反射法（FDTR）的理论相位表达式,比较了二者测量2种常见结构的信号敏感度,得到具有不同基底热导率、薄膜热导率、界面热导的薄膜材料的FDTR实验测量方法选择的理论依据. 结果表明,结合最佳拟合频率段的选取,采用合适的FDTR测量方法,可得到更高精度的材料热物性参数测量结果.     

大学生课外体育锻炼中自我医务监督之研究

针对现今大学生课外体育锻炼不甚科学、且时有伤病发生的现状进行了分析,提出了大学生课外体育锻炼应进行自我医务监督及科学地制定课外体育锻炼计划的原则。