University physics students’ ideas of thermal radiation expressed in open laboratory activities using infrared cameras

Background: University physics students were engaged in open-ended thermodynamics laboratory activities with a focus on understanding a chosen phenomenon or the principle of laboratory apparatus, such as thermal radiation and a heat pump. Students had access to handheld infrared (IR) cameras for their investigations.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to explore students’ interactions with reformed thermodynamics laboratory activities. It was guided by the research question: How do university physics students make use of IR cameras in open-ended investigation of thermal radiation as a phenomenon?

Sample: The study was conducted with a class of first-year university physics students in Sweden. The interaction with the activities of four of the students was selected for analysis. The four students are males.

Design and methods: We used a qualitative, interpretive approach to the study of students’ interaction. The primary means of data collection was video recording of students’ work with the laboratory activities and their subsequent presentations. The analysis focused on how IR cameras helped students notice phenomena relating to thermal radiation, with comparison to previous research on students’ conceptions of thermal radiation.

Results: When using the IR camera, students attended to the reflection of thermal radiation on shiny surfaces, such as polished metals, windows or a whiteboard and emissive properties of surfaces of different types. In this way, they went beyond using the technology as a temperature probe. Students were able to discuss merits and shortcomings of IR cameras in comparison with digital thermometers.

Conclusions: With the help of IR cameras, university physics students attend to thermal phenomena that would otherwise easily go unnoticed.     

Effect of Air Velocity on Thermal Comfort under Thermal Environment Ramp Changing

Set points of the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in short-term staying location were studied. In this condition, the thermal reaction of human body varied with the ramp changes of the environmental thermal parameters. The change rules of about 60 subjects‘ thermal reaction to the ramp change of environment were surveyed, and the effect of air movement on the thermal reaction during transient condition was considered by using a questionnaire. With the experimental results and research findings under stable condition, a way to set environmental parameters of short-time staying location was recommended.     

抗冻蛋白的抗冻活性及其测定方法

抗冻蛋白是一类能够保护生物体免受结冰引起伤害的蛋白质，其抗冻活性表现为热滞性和重结晶抑制效应。本文讨论了影响抗冻蛋白活性的因素，介绍了抗冻蛋白热滞活性和重结晶抑制效应的定量测定方法。     

羟基磷灰石的微波快速烧结研究

羟基磷灰石与脊椎动物的牙齿和骨骼组织的组成极为相似，研究表明它与这些生理组织具有良好的亲合性．羟基磷灰石作为牙齿和骨骼移植材料的研究越来越受到重视．利用自行研制的微波烧结系统对羟基磷灰石进行烧结研究．经过１０００～１０５０℃保温２分钟的微波烧结可以获得超微结构（平均晶粒尺寸为３００纳米），密度大于９８％ＴＤ（理论密度）的羟基磷灰石．同时还对微波烧结过程中的加热特征及热失控的作用展开了讨论．     

实验室快速制作印制电路板后处理工艺研究

印制电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)是电子设备内部电子元件的主要载体。PCB设计和加工工艺是高校电子类专业学生必须掌握的专业技能,但是专业工厂批量加工PCB的工艺并不适合在高校实验室使用。给出了一种适合在校学生快速制作PCB的工艺路线,重点解决了"一图一板"加工中绿油阻焊膜和元器件标志快速印制的难题。     

常用冷库结构性能分析

针对常用的冷库结构,从维护结构的传热量、蒸汽渗透率以及冷库投资运行费用等方面进行分析比较,从而找出低造价、高性能、低能耗的库体结构。     

EPS外墙外保温系统抗裂研究

对EPS外墙外保温系统的面层开裂原因进行分析,主要从构造设计、材料及施工三方面研究裂缝预防方法。     

流道插件在高温和磁流体作用下的力学行为

在国际热核聚变试验堆计划中,流道插件是包层模块中的一个重要部件,它的主要作用是隔热和电绝缘,它的力学行为受到高温、磁场、流体压力的共同作用,使得其响应分析成为一个多场耦合的问题。本文采用有限体积法和有限元法,对包层中流体传热性能和流道插件的结构安全性能进行计算,其中详细分析一种典型工况下流道插件的应力状态;同时,对具有不同热导率的流道插件进行计算,得出其对包层结构的影响。计算结果说明流道插件厚度方向以及面内方向的压应力均比较安全,而较危险的则为极向面内拉应力和棱边的剪切破坏。采用具有较低热导率的流道插件时,可以使出口金属流体的平均温度提高,从而提高热效率,同时降低第一壁的最高温度,从而保证其结构安全,但流道插件内部的温度梯度会增加,结构热应力也更高。     

熔岩管冷却过程中的热应力计算

除本身造成的直接灾害外,火山喷发的基性熔岩流动过程中经常会形成熔岩管.由于地下空洞的存在,熔岩管附近区域的地表稳定性会降低,容易发生坍塌,造成次生灾害。月球和火星上发现的熔岩管是未来外星探测基地的最佳选择,对于熔岩管稳定性研究也具有潜在价值。本文运用有限元方法,基于熔岩管形成机制,建立熔岩管形成后温度演化过程和相应的位移和热应力状况.通过分析熔岩管附近主应力的演化过程,考察不同物理参数(熔岩管的大小、深度、形状)对于熔岩管稳定性的影响。     

热喷涂技术在电站设备中的应用

分析了电站设备中的电站锅炉、风机、磨煤机等设备的损耗原因,介绍了使用热喷涂技术对设备进行防护的措施。可以使用电弧喷涂技术、等离子喷涂技术或火焰喷涂技术喷涂高温材料的方法防护并维修电站锅炉的锅炉四管,喷涂耐磨材料防护并维修风机和磨煤机等。