Thermophysical properties of the regolith on the lunar far side revealed by the in situ temperature probing of the Chang’E-4 mission

Temperature probes onboard the Chang’E-4 (CE-4) spacecraft provide the first in situ regolith temperature measurements from the far side of the Moon. We present these temperature measurements with a customized thermal model and reveal the particle size of the lunar regolith at the CE-4 landing site to be ∼15 μm on average over depth, which indicates an immature regolith below the surface. In addition, the conductive component of thermal conductivity is measured as ∼1.53 × 10^–3 W m^–1 K^–1 on the surface and ∼8.48 × 10^–3 W m^–1 K^–1 at a depth of 1 m. The average bulk density is ∼471 kg m^–3 on the surface and ∼824 kg m^–3 in the upper 30 cm of the lunar regolith. These thermophysical properties provide important additional ‘ground truth’ at the lunar far side, which is critical for the future analysis and interpretation of global temperature observations.     

The Cathedrals of England: Environmental Performance,Conservation and Exhibitions

ABSTRACT

English medieval cathedrals are a group of buildings of exceptional significance and they contain collections of equal importance. Both the historic building fabric and the artefacts are vulnerable to environmental deterioration. However, unlike buildings owned by heritage organisations, the primary purpose of cathedrals is to further the Christian mission, and the conservation of the building and collections is required to be conducted within these constraints. Increasing visitor numbers and the installation of sophisticated exhibitions makes the task of conservation all the more demanding. Next to mechanical damage, environmental factors are the greatest source of deterioration to sensitive fabric and collections. However, until recently, there has been little systematic study of English cathedral environments and the effects of different uses and control measures. Detailed studies undertaken on 20 cathedrals in the past two decades have provided an insight into their environmental performance and how they differ as a group from many other historic buildings, as well as the passive conservation measures that can be implemented within their primary function.     

大失谐相互作用时两能级原子消相干性的消除

两能级原子置于外部环境（热库）中，在原子与热辐射场大失谐相互作用时外加驱动场，得到相互作用过程中原子约化密度算符非对角元。在两能级原子的消相干被消除的情况下，讨论外加驱动场的特性。     

不良导热材料导热率的测定

本文介绍用电热法测量橡胶板的导热系数的测量原理和方法，着重讨论温差电偶的定标以及黄铜盘的冷却过程．     

单片机在非稳态法测定不良导体热导热系数中的应用

介绍了在非稳态法测定不良导体导热系统中，使用单片机进行数据采集、解偏微分方程等复杂数据的处理、测试条件的自动控制，导热系数的自动求取，能直接显示待测材料的导热系数。     

节能住宅的热工设计

从建筑围护结构、供暖、制冷、新风、住宅体型系数、热桥等几个方面研究了降低住宅能耗的热工设计方法与构造措施。     

热分析的现状及进展

本文介绍了热分析的现状及最新进展。对热分析的仪器、基础研究及应用等方面进行了评述。     

一种新的动力学模型--反应类过渡态理论

反应类过渡态理论，是以过渡态理论为基础，对于与主反应同一类的其它反应的热力学速率常数仅从它们的势垒差和反应能中就可有效的预测出发，这种理论已应用于许多氢提取反应，在复杂反应的基本动力学模型设计中预测热力学速率常数将是非常有用的。     

短脉宽激光除漆理论清洗模型的建立

在理论上分别计算油漆的粘附力、短脉宽激光除漆时的漆层和基底的温度以及它们之间的脱离力,从而建立了短脉宽激光除漆的理论清洗模型,得到激光除漆的条件是脱离力大于油漆与基底之间的粘附力,满足此条件油漆就能被清洗．同时还可以通过理论模型进一步获得短脉宽激光除漆过程中漆层和基底的温度情况。最终得到使得漆层脱落但是基底又不被损伤的合适的激光参数,从而更好的指导实际的激光除漆过程．     

低温电地板辐射供暖系统的实验研究

为了评价低温电地板辐射供暖系统的热力性能,设计并构建了一个由恒温小室和不同结构地板组成的实验装置.发热电缆均匀分布在地板层内,额定发热功率为30W/m.由3种不同复合地板结构和8种不同的导线间距组合成24种实验方案,分别进行测试,其中导线间距分别为30,40,50,60,80,100,130,150mm.分析了影响电地板辐射供暖系统热力性能的主要因素及其影响规律.实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的稳定性和可靠性,地板供暖辐射换热量约占总换热量的50%以上.当地板结构相同且感温探头所处位置不变时,存在一个使地板上表面散热量最大的最佳导线间距,实验工况下的最佳导线间距为50mm.