营养干预对贫困地区农村学生健康及学业表现的影响评估

利用对西部地区青海省和宁夏回族自治区的75所小学的随机控制实验数据,运用计量经济学分析方法研究发现,营养干预对降低学生贫血率,提高学习成绩有正面影响。而在不同干预手段中,为学生免费提供富含多种微量元素的维生素片对提高学生的学业表现有较为显著的正面影响。     

Designing Adaptive Interventions for Online Collaborative Modeling

One of the characteristics of collaborative learning is that it offers opportunities for learners to reflect and justify their work, to compare, understand and criticize their peers' work, and to iterate through these processes as needed. This paper presents a design of a system that supports learners in taking advantage of these collaboration affordances in the context of collaborative modeling. The main focus is the automatic generation of adaptive interventions for the process of qualitative modeling of physical phenomena. Students interact with the learning environment by running a simulation, using visual tools for qualitative modeling, and communicating with each other through special tools and free text. The system tracks and analyses learners' activities that relate to the subject matter tasks as well as to the communication between the learners and generates interventions accordingly. The layered interventions are designed also to integrate communication and content issues.     

不让未成年人成为“被手机耽误的一代”——未成年人手机沉迷问题分析与教育干预

手机沉迷是当今社会一个影响未成年人健康成长的世界性难题。未成年人手机沉迷表现出手机游戏成瘾、手机视频迷恋、手机社交依赖和手机学习异化等多重问题。这些问题严重影响着未成年人的健康发展。长时间沉迷手机不利于未成年人身体健康发展,导致身体机能下降;过度化沉迷手机不利于未成年人心理健康发展,诱发心理疾病;捷径化使用手机影响未成年人的学习能力与积极学习体验,弱化学习力;无序性沉迷手机增加未成年人接触不良信息与不良人群的机会,引发失范行为。为更好地防控未成年人手机沉迷,需要从严控未成年人手机“触网”的年龄、空间和时间红线入手,保障未成年人手机使用时长合理化,推进未成年人手机接收内容分类化,指导未成年人手机“触网”行为适度化。通过合理有效的教育干预,引导未成年人理性使用手机,防止未成年人成为“被手机耽误的一代”。     

不同锻炼水平大学生体质特征与体育活动健康干预研究

根据《学生体质健康标准》测试的基础数据,分析不同锻炼水平大学生的身体形态、身体机能和身体素质等体质特征．结果表明：不同锻炼水平的大学生体质健康测试指标差异有统计学意义;通过构建多元化课外体育活动管理模式培养和提高学生的自主锻炼意识、兴趣、能力以及体育文化素养,能增进学生体质健康水平．     

The Effects of Two Mindset Interventions on Low-Income Students’ Academic and Psychological Outcomes

Abstract

This study examined two widely available light-touch, writing-based mindset interventions: one that targeted students’ purpose for learning and one that aimed to increase students’ growth mindset. In order to examine the potential mechanisms underlying previously reported effects of mindset interventions, we analyzed these interventions’ effects on low-income, ethnic minority adolescents’ academic outcomes, task persistence, task-relevant anxiety, critical motivation, and sense of belonging. Results indicated that the purpose for learning intervention had a small negative impact on students’ self-reported grades the following year, and null results for the other outcomes. The growth mindset intervention was administered one year following the purpose for learning intervention and we found no evidence of treatment impacts on any outcomes. Analyses of treatment impact moderation suggested that certain student characteristics, such as student gender and race could play a role, but most of these tests also presented null results. The primarily null results of both interventions suggest that further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of one-time, self-administered mindset interventions across a variety of contexts and student populations.     

Adaptation Guidance for Evidence-Based Teen Pregnancy and STI/HIV Prevention Curricula: From Development to Practice

Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are effective in preventing adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections; however, prevention practitioners are challenged when selecting and adapting the most appropriate programs. While there are existing adaptation frameworks, there is little practical guidance in applying research in the field. To address this need, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of Reproductive Health initiated the Adaptation Guidance Project. The project included the development of a comprehensive adaptation guidance framework and adaptation kits for select evidence-based teen pregnancy and HIV prevention programs. In addition, three innovative concepts emerged that have application to other adaptation program and evaluation efforts, including moving research into practice. First, the authors defined the core components of an EBI in three distinct ways: core content, core pedagogy, and core implementation. Second, they piloted a practitioner-friendly adaptation guidance-messaging schema—Green, Yellow, and Red Light Adaptations, and last they included fidelity/adaptation monitoring logs. This article will describe the process used to develop the adaptation guidance kits, including the main features and tools.     

Engaging with animal-assisted interventions (AAIs): exploring the experiences of young people with ASD/ADHD diagnoses

Animal-assisted Interventions (AAIs) have been used as therapeutic interventions aimed at improving psychological well-being, often for young people with mental health and educational difficulties. This qualitative study explored how three students (male and female), aged 12–15 and with ASD and/or ADHD diagnoses experienced AAI at an alternative education provision. Semi-structured interviews with each participant were conducted and analysed using constructivist thematic analysis. Three themes and four sub-themes were identified. The themes were: (1) Self-esteem, with sub-themes motivation and reward, and self-awareness, (2) Emotional benefits with strategy building, and support and (3) Identification. Participants valued AAI as a positive intervention which aided their psychological well-being. Findings emphasise the effectiveness of AAIs for young people with neurodevelopmental disorders in both a therapeutic and an educational context.     

Longitudinal disciplinary and achievement outcomes associated with school‐wide PBIS implementation level

Positive behavioral interventions and support (PBIS) is a multitiered framework for behavioral support that is being increasingly implemented in schools. Although research has linked PBIS to improved student outcomes, less research is longitudinal and considers both academic and behavioral outcomes. This study examined the relationships between changes in school‐wide (i.e., Tier I) PBIS implementation level and changes in disciplinary and achievement outcomes over a 2‐year period. Participants included 85 Ohio schools with data on PBIS implementation fidelity (from the tiered fidelity inventory, or TFI), out‐of‐school suspensions (OSSs), and statewide achievement tests for the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 school years. Linear regressions were conducted to examine the degree to which changes in TFI Tier I scores predicted changes in OSS and achievement scores when controlling for school‐level demographic variables that also were related to the outcome variables. Changes in TFI Tier I scores was found to significantly predict changes in OSS per 100 students but not changes in achievement scores.     

Creativity beyond the formal curriculum: arts-based interventions in post-disaster trauma settings

ABSTRACT

Schools regularly find themselves dealing with the aftermath of family, community and national tragedies. In this article, two university-based educators share their experiences of working with schools to engage children in arts-based activities to support the processing of the traumatic events they endured. In both cases, children in local schools had been traumatised by natural disasters and needed support to enable them to make sense of what had happened and to begin to absorb these events into their own personal histories.

The article summarises the relevant literature on the importance of post-traumatic processing and the use of arts-based methods for this purpose. The two case studies, one from the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquakes and the other from the 2009 Samoan tsunami, are described separately before common themes are drawn from both cases. The joint findings are discussed using a framework that brings arts-based interventions and post-trauma processing together. The article concludes with the lessons learned from these experiences that might have broader applicability in other pastoral care contexts.     

Piloting autism intervention research with teachers in mainstream classrooms

Although there is a recognised need for effective practices to support students on the autism spectrum in mainstream schools, there is a research to practice gap in the area of autism and education, whereby evidence-based intervention may take decades to translate into mainstream classroom practice. Thus, current recommendations are that, rather than presenting mainstream school teachers with interventions developed and tested in clinical or special education settings, a participatory research process should be used to facilitate implementation in real-world mainstream classrooms. This article reports on a case study that aimed to refine a structured teaching intervention package for use in mainstream classrooms, while at the same time tailoring research methods for evaluating the package in these settings. The outcomes of the project are presented with respect to (a) the development and refinement of the intervention package in consultation with a mainstream classroom teacher and (b) the lessons learned during the process that other clinical researchers, teachers, and clinicians could apply when implementing educational interventions in mainstream settings.