Parameter Estimation Accuracy of the Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Model Under Multiple Assumption Violations

As low-stakes testing contexts increase, low test-taking effort may serve as a serious validity threat. One common solution to this problem is to identify noneffortful responses and treat them as missing during parameter estimation via the effort-moderated item response theory (EM-IRT) model. Although this model has been shown to outperform traditional IRT models (e.g., two-parameter logistic [2PL]) in parameter estimation under simulated conditions, prior research has failed to examine its performance under violations to the model’s assumptions. Therefore, the objective of this simulation study was to examine item and mean ability parameter recovery when violating the assumptions that noneffortful responding occurs randomly (Assumption 1) and is unrelated to the underlying ability of examinees (Assumption 2). Results demonstrated that, across conditions, the EM-IRT model provided robust item parameter estimates to violations of Assumption 1. However, bias values greater than 0.20 SDs were observed for the EM-IRT model when violating Assumption 2; nonetheless, these values were still lower than the 2PL model. In terms of mean ability estimates, model results indicated equal performance between the EM-IRT and 2PL models across conditions. Across both models, mean ability estimates were found to be biased by more than 0.25 SDs when violating Assumption 2. However, our accompanying empirical study suggested that this biasing occurred under extreme conditions that may not be present in some operational settings. Overall, these results suggest that the EM-IRT model provides superior item and equal mean ability parameter estimates in the presence of model violations under realistic conditions when compared with the 2PL model.     

论建设马克思主义学习型政党的战略意义

建设学习型政党是我们党战胜困难、夺取胜利、永葆先进性的重要法宝,是推进马克思主义中国化、时代化、大众化的首要任务,是用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装全党的长期战略任务,是开展社会主义核心价值体系学习教育的重要任务,是新形势新任务对党的建设提出的新要求,是推进党的建设新的伟大工程最具战略性的问题,是推进党的执政能力建设新的着力点。建设学习型政党事关党的执政根基的巩固、事关党的执政能力建设的提升,是中国特色社会主义伟大事业成败的决定性因素。因此,必须坚持在立足实际,务求实效上下功夫,在提高执政能力、解决实际问题上取得群众满意的成效。     

The impact of physiological load on anticipation skills in badminton: From testing to training

Research remains unclear on the impact of physiological load on perceptual-cognitive skills in sport. Moreover, no study has examined the training of perceptual-cognitive skills under physiological load. The current study comprised two phases. Firstly, we examined the impact of badminton-specific physiological load on anticipatory skills in expert badminton players (n = 13), including key underlying mechanisms, such as gaze behaviour. Under high physiological load, participants displayed less efficient visual search behaviour and showed a reduction in response accuracy. Secondly, we examined the effects of combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with the high physiological load. Ten of the expert badminton players were assigned to a combined training group, where the simulation training and the physiological load intervention occurred simultaneously or an independent training group, whereby the two components were completed independently. The combined training group showed a positive change in the efficiency of their visual search behaviours compared to the independent training group, but no significant performance improvements were found. Overall, findings demonstrate that high physiological load is detrimental to experts’ anticipatory skills. However, combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with high physiological load can potentially negate these debilitating effects.     

基于能力和努力的人才"双力"模型

本文从企业管理的实践出发,在分析传统人才管理理论的基础上,吸收归因理论的思想,通过访谈和调查问卷,提出了基于能力和努力的人才“双力”模型,并对该模型进行了实证研究与分析,最终建立了一个使企业人才培养和企业发展紧密结合的思维框架和工具。     

Behavioral Intention to Adopt Digital Library by the Undergraduates

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that affect undergraduates' behavioral intention to use digital library among the private universities in Malaysia. The target respondents are undergraduates from Malaysian private universities. Questionnaires were distributed among 500 undergraduates through either online or face-to-face method. Reliability test, normality test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were carried out for data analysis. Performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, and information quality had a positive and significant association with behavioral intention to adopt a digital library except for effort expectancy. This research successfully reinforced that the inspiration to ameliorate Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) by synthesis of Information Systems Success Model (ISSM). This proposed framework with a combination of ISSM and UTAUT 2 has enhanced the fitness of UTAUT 2. Universities that have yet to implement digital library can comprehend undergraduates' needs better by considering all the significant factors to develop a digital library. The universities with the digital library may also notice the important features of the existing digital library that should be maintained and upgraded constantly so that they can fulfil undergraduates' requirements.     

Knowing what it takes: The effect of information about returns to studying on study effort and achievement

We study the effect of providing students with information on the returns to study effort in a large introductory microeconomics course. To do so, we use historical time-use data from the course’s online homework module to estimate the association between study time and course performance. We measure the impact of providing students this information on subsequent study effort, class attendance, homework scores, and exam performance using a randomized research design. Results show that the information contained in our intervention increased time spent studying by approximately 7% throughout the entire course, though this effect is imprecisely measured. However, when examining shorter-run outcomes (prior to the next exam) we find larger and more precisely estimated treatment effects on time spent on homeworks (12%) and homework scores (14% of a standard deviation). Treatment effects on longer run outcomes in the course are negligible. We additionally estimate large, but somewhat imprecise, average treatment effects on class attendance and small positive and insignificant average treatment effects on exam performance throughout the course.     

信任对持续性团队绩效的作用机理研究

在已有文献基础上,依据团队循环阶段模型,把团队发展过程分为三个阶段:过渡阶段、行动阶段和人际阶段,对每个阶段选择了具有代表性的团队过程变量,提出信任对团队绩效影响机制的概念模型,并基于持续性团队进行了实证分析。研究发现,对于持续性团队,信任对团队绩效有显著的影响,且团队自省、团队监督和团队努力三个变量在二者关系中起完全中介作用,研究结果对于持续性团队的管理具有重要的启示意义。     

试论高校科研工作中柔性管理与刚性管理的结合

本文试从刚性管理、柔性管理的理论角度出发,探讨高校科研工作中刚性管理存在的问题,并提出刚柔相济的管理策略,以加强高校科研管理工作,进一步促进高校科研工作的健康发展。     

企业家生产性与分配性努力的激励机制探讨

企业家既存在生产性努力,也存在分配性努力,委托人设计最优激励合同时必须考虑这二方面的因素,努力使企业家的生产性努力最大,分配性努力最小。本文给出了这种合同的理论模型。     

科研实验室安全管理执行力度的评价及改进措施

通过调查问卷、观察、文献查阅等多角度收集信息,统计分析得知目前科研实验室安全管理的目标与实际效果之间存在较大差距,即执行力度不足.根据科研工作的特点和安全管理目标要求,提出改进对策,如加强专业安全知识培训,提高科研和管理人员的安全意识,增设问责制度,改进安全检查方法以构建科研实验室安全文化等,并通过实例说明改进措施在实...