Kaupapa Māori,Philosophy and Schools

Abstract

Goals for adding philosophy to the school curriculum centre on the perceived need to improve the general quality of critical thinking found in society. School philosophy also provides a means for asking questions of value and purpose about curriculum content across and between subjects, and, furthermore, it affirms the capability of children to think philosophically. Two main routes suggested are the introduction of philosophy as a subject, and processes of facilitating philosophical discussions as a way of establishing classroom ‘communities of inquiry’. This article analyses the place of philosophy in the school curriculum, drawing on three relevant examples of school curriculum reform: social studies, philosophy of science and Kura Kaupapa Māori.     

‘I Knew Jean-Paul Sartre’: Philosophy of education as comedy

Abstract

Ludwig Wittgenstein suggests that ‘A serious and good philosophical work could be written consisting entirely of jokes’. The idea for this dialogue comes from a conversation that Michael Peters and Morwenna Griffiths had at the Philosophy of Education of Great Britain annual meeting at the University of Oxford, 2011. It was sparked by an account of an assessment of a piece of work where one of the external examiners unexpectedly exclaimed ‘I knew Jean-Paul Sartre’, trying to trump the discussion. This conversation is a dialogue about comedy and humor as a basis for philosophy, education and pedagogy that provides an introduction to recent works and a context for ongoing research. The concluding section provides further reflection on some of the main themes, drawing attention to the significance of humor in dialogues within philosophy and education, and suggesting that it has a particular role in resisting managerialism at all levels of educational institutions.     

‘The perfect pupil’: changing aims and changing measures of success in school RE

In England and Wales, religious education (RE) in non-faith schools has gradually changed from Christian education to the study of many religions and philosophies. However, the core values of RE have continued to be related to concerns about social cohesion and the building of shared values. The article briefly discusses changes in RE since 1944 and then considers attitudes to RE among a group of year 11 pupils (age 15–16) in one large multicultural comprehensive school, collected through questionnaires and group discussions. The subject name had been changed from RE to Religious Studies (RS) in 2004. The focus here is on pupils’ ideas of ‘the perfect RS pupil’; used as a means to access their understandings of the subject’s aims and their teachers’ expectations. The most popular responses were that the ideal pupil would be knowledgeable about religions and be tolerant and empathetic. This is in accord with the current social and political agenda for RE but lays it open to criticism that tolerance becomes an end in itself encouraging indifference to religions rather than a critical, evaluative perspective.     

Equality,prioritising the disadvantaged,and the new educational landscape

This paper takes Mary Warnock’s paper in the first issue of the Oxford Review of Education as its starting point, and explores how both philosophical thinking about equality in education and the landscape of educational provision have changed. It articulates a view of justice in education that emphasises benefiting the least advantaged; and shows that detailed philosophical thinking about values can be valuable for making policy decisions, while also showing that deploying careful value considerations is not a straightforward exercise.     

从感性认识和理性认识关系的角度重读《理智与情感》

哲学中的认识论告诉我们,感性认识是认识的初级阶段,有待于上升为理性认识,简?奥斯汀旨在从现实主义角度帮助女性理性的面对自己的爱情和婚姻,而以感性认识为基础的爱情则往往遭遇挫折和不幸。     

游子返乡：＂教师是谁＂的哲学省思——＂教师作为陌生人＂隐喻带来的启示

教师即陌生人,提醒教师以崭新的观点重新审视过去理所当然、千载不变、习而不察的＂日常世界＂,去觉察未曾留意的细节和未加质疑的习俗,以新奇、探究、深邃的目光审视自己所存在的真切的＂生活世界＂,开启一场新的意义建构之旅。重新思考＂教师是谁＂的本体论、认识论和价值论———在陌生人的视域下,揭示教学的自我内部景观,追寻教师自我存在;联结知识与个体的生命体验之间关联,明晰知识是人类参与世界的一种存在方式;教师的职责就在于解放人类,让学生在自由地选择中成为自我,帮助学生唤醒其沟通自我的需求与能力,将学生带至更澄明的存在。借以新的视界重新意识、体认、觉察＂教师是谁＂,以期打破穿透习惯的惰性,寻求超越时间和经验中的新秩序。     

从庄子生命哲学看自由的意义

庄子哲学主要体现为生命哲学。他将生命本身视为最高的利益所在,知识、道德在庄子的价值体系中居于从属和次要的地位。在庄子看来,生命的意义不在于肉体的保全而在于精神的自由,对我们精神自由的威胁主要来自于专制君主,要获得精神的自由就要突破社会带给我们的包括名利权势的种种羁绊。     

高校学生事务管理的三种典型模式

高校学生事务管理工作主要包括教育、服务、管理三个方面。虽然三者在世界多数高校的学生事务管理中普遍存在,但在不同高校中的侧重点和表现形式有所不同。据此,可将高校学生事务管理工作划分为"教育导向"、"服务导向"、"管理导向"三种典型模式,三者之间的差异主要体现在逻辑与理念、内容与方式、体制与机制三个方面。虽然差异明显,但三者并非是不可调和的,未来我国高校学生事务管理的发展趋势必然是三种模式的融合。     

传统和谐思想的逻辑层次与“和谐社会”的现代转型

中国传统和谐思想包含人自我身心的和谐、人与人的和谐以及人与自然的和谐三个逻辑层次,以此为思想基础,封建社会各家各派的思想家们设想出了他们所认为的理想社会,概括起来主要有大同社会和小国寡民社会。但因历史的局限性,封建社会的思想家们所追求的理想社会都无法成为现实。在中国特色社会主义历史阶段,传统和谐思想实现了现代转换,和谐社会的内涵也得到了拓展,社会主义和谐社会是一个科学发展、共创共享、公正平等、民主法治的社会。     

浅析培养和加强批判性思维在翻译教学中的必要性

近些年来批判性思维在西方教学实践中备受重视,其被视为与“解决问题”之同等重要的两大基本技能之一[1],可该思维无论是在翻译教学的研究中还是在实践上都还相当薄弱,亟待加强。本文对批判性思维的历史从哲学角度上做了简单梳理和探究,从译者、翻译的学科性质、翻译理论多个维度剖析了培养和加强批判性思维的必要性,以期引起业界的关注,同时也为相关的后续研究提供一点启示和帮助。