Natural pedagogical conversations in high school students' internship

Many science educators encourage student experiences of “authentic” science by means of student participation in science‐related workplaces. Little research has been done, however, to investigate how “teaching” naturally occurs in such settings, where scientists or technicians normally do not have pedagogical training and generally do not have time (or value) receiving such training. This study examines how laboratory members without a pedagogical background or experience in teaching engage high school students during their internship activities. Drawing on conversation analysis, we analyze the minute‐by‐minute transactions that occurred while high school students participated in a leading environmental science laboratory. We find that the participation trajectory was based on demonstration‐practice‐connect (D‐P‐C) phases that continually recurred in the process of “doing” science. Concerning the transactional structures, we identify two basic conversation patterns—Initiate‐Clarify‐Reply (I‐C‐R) and Initiate‐Reply‐Clarify‐Reply (I‐R‐C‐R)—that do not only differ from the well‐known Initiate‐Reply‐Evaluate (I‐R‐E) patterns previously observed in science classrooms, but also could be combined to constitute more complex patterns. With respect to the organization of natural pedagogical conversations, we find that there were not only of preferred and dispreferred modes of responding but also ambiguous dispreferred modes; and the formulating organization not only includes self‐formulating but also other‐formulating. These natural pedagogical conversations helped, on the one hand, students to clarify their understanding and, on the other hand, technicians (or teachers) to teach toward different needs for different students in different contexts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 481–505, 2009     

清代后期甘肃河州地区土地买卖中的中人现象初探

清代后期,甘肃河州地区社会矛盾错综复杂。以甘肃省临夏回族自治州档案馆于1993年主编刊行的《清河州契文汇编》一书内收录的土地买卖契文为基本史料,对清代后期河州地区土地买卖中的中人的特点、中人与土地买卖双方的关系以及中人实际发挥的作用进行梳厘探讨,使得该领域同仁的研究能从一个新视角审视清代后期河州地区农业经济发展变化的趋势。     

中国上市公司关联方交易内部控制研究

随着20世纪90年代资产重组的出现,中国上市公司关联方交易迅速发展,势头很猛,但同时也成为许多企业特别是上市公司弄虚作假的主要手段.国内外发生的众多关联方交易事件无不表明关联方交易内部控制的重要性.然而,从我国来看,许多上市公司尚未建立起有效的关联方交易内部控制指引,本文首先分析了关联方交易内部控制的重要性,并借鉴其他国家关联方交易内部控制的经验和做法,针对我国的现状和问题,提出了完善中国上市公司关联方交易内部控制制度的路径.     

民国时期贵州桐油市场研究

贵州的桐油生产在全国占有重要的地位,桐油成为民国时期贵州对外输出的最大宗货物,可见桐油贸易在贵州经济发展中的作用。长期以来,有关贵州桐油市场的研究没有得到应有的重视,本文选择民国年间贵州桐油市场作为研究的课题,以弥补理论研究之不足。     

产业集群：一个基于交易费用的解释

产业集群的形成是一个劳动分工深化、交易效率提高的过程。产业集群作为中间性组织形式之一，其存在和发展不仅可以用交易费用理论来解释，而且产业集群本身又可以降低交易费用。产业集群是一种能够有效降低交易费用的“新制度”形式。     

从交易走向愿景,让课程领导充满魅力

交易型课程领导的基调是自私人性观主导的交易,利益激发教师的外在动机;转型课程领导主张人人智慧平等,每个人都是自我导引,合作共同体中的课程参与者平等地共同构建愿景。愿景的感召力量使组织众人一体,使课程领导充满魅力。     

基于分布式数据库的两阶段提交协议在UNIX下的实现

详细阐述了分布式数据库的两阶段提交协议在UNIX下的实现,并模拟了一个实际的航空售票系统来阐明两阶段提交技术在实际中的应用.     

Re-assembling knowledge production with(out) the university

ABSTRACT

As an introduction to the themed issue, this paper interrogates the idea of university unbundling through a critical reading of Ronald Coase’s theory of transaction costs. Coase, who was initially interested in the structure of firms, later applied his transaction cost theory more broadly to anything that might be defined as ‘welfare’. Not unlike other abstract economic theories, in the age of market discipline, Coase’s ideas have been widely employed to regulate the provision of public goods. Read through Coase, the main effect of the unbundling discourse has been to rationalise the university – to make it subject to a logic of efficiency as an end, and ultimately we suspect, to do damage to universities as important institutions for the cultivation of democratic values and socio-economic justice. After a brief summary of the other six papers included in the issue, the paper concludes with a discussion of the possibility of maintaining a public university in light of the neoliberal discourse of unbundling.     

论物权公示制度与交易安全的保护

物权变动和交易安全问题天然地联系着。物权公示是物权的重要制度；物权公示的原因在于对交易安全的保护；物权公示的效力体现着对交易安全的保护，特别是物权公示的对抗力和公信力对交易安全的保护有着重要作用；物权公示的价值就在于对交易安全的保护。     

WMB*:一种提高大数据上软件执行效率改进算法

为了提高软件的执行效能及提高WMB(WebSphere Message Broker)上大数据消息数据处理的速度,首先定义了单笔柜面交易、硬件标尺、程序执行效率等概念.建立了企业服务总线上的软件执行高效算法(称为WMB*),算法主要解决了在WMB上提高各应用级系统对大数据消息数据及通讯协议的处理和转换速度,以达到提高软件的执行效率.在银行数据集上对不改变大数据消息数据结构和改变大数据消息数据结构的情况做了大量的实验,结果表明,在WMB上,用ESQL语言比JAVA语言在处理消息数据的速度快0.1个数量级,而在CPU占用率(ms/msg)上,用ESQL语言比JAVA语言低得多.WMB*算法适合在大数据上对银行交易数据进行挖掘.