The effects of first language orthographic features on word recognition processing in English as a second language

This study investigated the possible effects of first language (L1) orthographic characteristics on word recognition in English as a second language (ESL). Case alternation was used to examine the impact of visually distorted words of different types on fluent ESL readers' word recognition in naming. Visual distortion of word shape (i.e., cAsE aLtErNaTiOn) was utilized because, although visually distorted words have lost word-shape cues, they preserve the cue value of words (i.e., spelling patterns). It, therefore, was hypothesized that if one is sensitive to alphabetic orthography, or if one's inner mechanism of processing an alphabetic word is efficient, then the visual disruption of word-shape cues should not affect one's sensitivity to sequences of letters in words. In other words, this study focused on the magnitude of the effect of case alternation in word recognition as an index of the sensitivity to alphabetic words. Results showed that the magnitude of the case alternation effect in a naming task was significantly larger for the ESL participants whose L1 is not alphabetic (i.e., Chinese and Japanese) than the ESL participants whose L1 is alphabetic (i.e., Iranians -- Persian as L1). This result seems to indicate that the Persian speakers, due to the facilitating influence of their L1 orthography, were less influenced by case alternation than the Chinese and Japanese speakers, whose L1 orthographies are not alphabetic. This finding suggests that the first language orthographic features affect the orthographic coding mechanisms (i.e., word recognition mechanisms) in a second language.     

中介语理论对汉语口语教学的影响研究

文章从中介语的定义、特征及形成方式入手,探讨少数民族在学习第二语言——汉语过程中的中介语现象及其对汉语口语教学的启示。     

供应链环境下RFID标签所有权安全转换协议研究

在基于RFID技术的商业活动中,一项非常重要的任务是保护供应链上各个企业的商业秘密不因RFID标签所有权的转换而带来风险.基于Hash函数和对称密码体制,提出了一种适合于供应链环境的轻量级RFID标签所有权转换协议.协议具有抗重放攻击、抗异步攻击、抗假冒攻击、抗内部攻击等特性,并能确保前向、后向隐私安全性.与现有典型的RFID标签所有权转移协议相比,协议的安全性、隐私性好,效率高,能保护企业的商业秘密,具有很好的现实意义.     

低成本创新的Stackelberg模型研究

本文设置了一组可测量的变量和参数,建立低成本创新的产品价格决策及创新投入三阶段博弈模型,系统深入地研究了水平差异双寡头厂商的产品功能问题,获得了对低成本创新有重要意义的一系列新的结论。结果显示,内生溢出条件下厂商的均衡定位差异不同于线性成本模型和既往二次成本模型;本文得出了产品差异分布特点的更一般结论,显示出产品定位差异按照各种参数的变化呈现不同分布的现象,从而将原有特殊结论推广为一般结论;通过仿真模拟导出了创新投入、创新效率、吸收能力、产品定位差异的的一组函数关系。     

Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies

This paper investigates the development of university spinout companies (USOs). Employing a case-based research method, our study found that there are two important elements in their development. First, USOs go through a number of distinct phases of activity in their development. Each venture must pass through the previous phase in order to progress to the next one but each phase involves an iterative, non-linear process of development in which there may be a need to revisit some of the earlier decisions and activities. Second, at the interstices between the different phases of development we found that ventures face “critical junctures” in terms of the resources and capabilities they need to acquire to progress to the next phase. The different phases are critical as these ventures cannot develop into the next phase without overcoming each of the junctures. We identify four different critical junctures that spinout companies need to overcome if they are to succeed: opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial commitment, credibility and sustainability.     

基础研究成果获取专利及其效应

随着现代科技的发展,基础研究出现了许多新特点与新变化。根据这些特点与变化,探讨了基础研究成果获取专利的现实性和可能性,并对基础研究成果获取专利带来的效应作出分析。认为：只有通过制度创新,才能合理配置知识资源,促进科技转化为生产力,有效参与国际竞争。     

跨国公司海外技术创新与技术转移模式初探

本文基于经济全球化背景，结合跨国公司对外直接投资(FDI)的战略安排，着重对先进工业国家的跨国公司技术创新特别是其海外技术创新模式以及对发展中国家的技术转移模式进行了分析和探讨，研究提出了发展中国家应对的战略选择途径和若干措施。     

Breaking the Ivory Tower: Academic Entrepreneurship in the Life Sciences in UK and Germany

We examine engagement in commercial activities (consulting, patenting, and founding) among more than 2200 German and UK life scientists. We test hypotheses that include attributes of individuals, their material and social resources, and perceptions about values and reputation. We find that characteristics reflecting professional security, advantage and productivity are strong predictors for a greater breadth of participation in academic entrepreneurship, but not for all forms of technology transfer that we are able to test. For such academics, science and commerce go hand in hand, as they are best poised to straddle the boundary between industry and academy. We find strong support, however, that scientists perceive the value of patenting differently, and the level of reputational importance placed on scientific compared to commercial achievements matters in shaping commercial involvement.     

中日技术转移与合作研究

 创建世界创造中心需要产业技术升级,需要技术学习。而日本是技术学习成功的典范,也是中国主要技术来源国。中日技术转移与合作符合两国根本利益,发展潜力很大但现在存在若干不确定性因素。中国有必要加快从日本引进适合技术,利用国际产业调整时机,优化产业结构提升产业竞争力。     

跨国创业导向与创新能力关系研究:基于知识的视角

从组织知识观出发，通过对在华的167家跨国创业企业的调查发现，跨国创业导向对跨国创业企业的创新能力具有重要影响，而且还发现从母公司那里获得的知识显著影响着跨国创业导向与跨国创新能力之间的关系。