Implicit knowledge of general upper secondary school in a bridge-building project

Bridge-building activities are practiced widely in the education systems of Europe. They are meant to bridge transitions between lower and upper secondary school and form a mandatory part of the youth guidance system in Denmark. By giving pupils the opportunity to experience the different educational context of upper secondary school, bridge-building activities are meant to facilitate their decision-making on educational paths, but also to attract more and new groups of pupils. However, the premises of the inherent differences of educational contexts and of pupils’ lacking knowledge of upper secondary education can be questioned. In this ethnographic case study of a bridge-building project in a rural area in Denmark, we analyse the implicit knowledge of the general upper secondary school, as it is practiced in a bridge-building project, and how it is experienced by the pupils on the background of their prior knowledge. The analysis is theoretically informed by especially the code concepts of Basil Bernstein.     

理智与情感的共融——手机金属材质的隐喻表达

没有感情的设计是空洞的,没有理智的设计是无用的,有情感有理智的设计才是完整的设计。金属材质的手机以理性、功能化为前提,适应了现在追求是科技的理念,又不失给人情感内在、广义的想象空间,顺应了时尚的潮流。将金属作为其材质的手机述说了引起世人共鸣的语言,它是属于一种内在的、广义的语言。情感品质所追求表达的是与人的经验类似的东西,手机的金属材质看似理智的一种设计,但给人一种想象的空间,有着情感化的语言,看似理智与情感的矛盾,却又那么协调的共融。     

重金属污染物运移耦合模型研究新进展

针对尾矿库、垃圾填埋场底部土层受荷后的力学变形特性,以及考虑土体固结变形与重金属污染物运移转化模式、途径的不确定性与模糊性,通过分析国内外有关污染物运移模型,以及考虑土体固结变形与重金属污染物运移耦合模型的研究现状,指出现阶段研究中存在的不足,并提出考虑土体固结变形与重金属污染物运移转化相互耦合时应加强考虑传输介质间的非均相、非线性,建立综合考虑应力场、渗流场、浓度场、化学场,以及双电层引力场的重金属污染物运移转化模型,特别是在特殊土(如膨胀土、红黏土等)中建立土体固结变形与重金属污染物运移耦合模型以及计算方法,是今后研究工作的研究重点与发展方向。     

城郊型宗教名山的旅游转型——以木兰山为例

由于人们生活水平日益提高,旅游需求不断变化,单一的旅游功能无法满足游客的需求,旅游目的地的转型升级已成为旅游业关注的焦点问题.通过分析国内城郊型宗教名山存在的旅游问题,探寻此类旅游目的地的升级转型模式,提出了城郊型宗教观光旅游目的地向综合性旅游目的地转型的方向和具体途径.在此基础上,以木兰山为具体案例,给出木兰山旅游的转型方向、模式、方法,期望为城郊型宗教名山的旅游转型提供借鉴.     

前牙金属烤瓷桥56件失败原因分析与改进

目的分析金属烤瓷桥在前牙列缺损修复过程中失败的原因,探索改善金属烤瓷桥在前牙列缺损修复中的修复效果,努力提高修复的成功率和病人的满意度。方法：通过对968例1228件前牙金属烤瓷桥修复体3￣5年的临床观察,就其中56件修复失败的原因进行分析探讨,并根据失败原因提出改进措施。结果：56件前牙金属烤瓷桥修复失败的原因分别是：崩瓷24件,牙龈炎12件,基牙牙髓炎10件,牙龈变色及色泽不协调6件,瓷脱4件。结论：严格掌握适应症和正确的牙体预备与设计,以及合理的比色环境和方法都是金属烤瓷桥修复成功的关键所在。     

The problem-solving process as part of professionals’ boundary work in preschool to school transition

ABSTRACT

A successful transition from preschool to school demands continuity in education between the institutions: continuity in pedagogy, values and institutional structures. One way to achieve continuity is to learn how to do boundary work in the borderline of two activity systems. This article examines what kinds of discourses frame the problem-solving process in the context of inter-professional collaboration. The data consists of video-recorded, inter-professional discussions in the 2012–2013 (a total of 22.5?h). The project, called Flexible Preschool and School, aims to develop a new model for a smooth transition to school. In the project, professionals from preschool and school create joint activities and co-teaching, which is assumed to bridge the gap between pedagogies and assure the continuity of learning. The professionals’ cultural thoughts in different kinds of problem-solving situations become visible in the discourses produced in the talk. These discourses describe their capacity for solving shared problems. Creating new innovations demands an understanding that complex problems require diverse knowledge. Considering the shared knowledge as valuable enough to put into practice is the way to create new forms of problem-solving. This is implemented by taking on the responsibility to be an active actor.     

Common legacy,different paths: the transformation of educational systems in the Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary and Poland

The goal of this work is to better understand the institutional changes in the educational systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. We demonstrate that the educational reforms implemented during the transformation introduced very different institutional arrangements in the four countries, despite the fact that their systems shared many common characteristics at the beginning of the 1990s. Differences between the national approaches to educational reforms are particularly reflected in the modes of education decentralisation, the level of school autonomy, accountability and funding mechanisms. We believe that different institutional arrangements may have contributed to the divergent achievements of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland in the PISA programme.     

用于再生伪码测距时钟恢复的新型码片跟踪环性能分析

为了提高低信噪比条件下再生伪码测距系统中的复合伪码时钟恢复性能,采用了一种新型的码片跟踪环.此码片跟踪环是一种改进型的数据转换跟踪环,两者之间的区别在于,码片跟踪环的Q路输出直接乘上了时钟分量,而数据转换跟踪环乘上了I路的转换检测器输出.在准方波伪码测距信号的情况下,详细分析了码片跟踪环的跟踪(均方定时抖动)性能.分析对比了不同码片信噪比条件下的码片跟踪环和数据转换跟踪环跟踪性能.分析表明,码片跟踪环和数据转换跟踪环在大信噪比条件下性能一致;而在小信噪比条件下,码片跟踪环性能明显好于数据转换跟踪环.     

金属中自由电子气能量的研究

本文根据费米气体模型理论,研究金属中自由电子气的能量,讨论电子的最高能量、平均能量和电子气的能级密度.     

风险治理与和谐社会的构建

社会的快速发展与变化是转型期的一个重要特征,而这一社会特征又引发另外一个问题:社会风险。社会风险是现代社会尤其是由传统走向现代社会过程中的必然产物。风险的大小与社会和谐的程度是成反比的。转型期的社会风险有两种:内生型风险和导入型风险。在中国目前表现为四种形式:经营性风险、制度性风险、结构性风险和生态性风险。要构建和谐社会,必须对社会风险进行治理,包括社会风险控制、社会风险分摊、社会风险吸纳。