创伤理论视角下解读《女勇士》

汤婷婷是著名美国华裔女作家,她的成名作《女勇士》展现了华裔女性在美国面对性别、种族与文化的多重创伤下寻求自我身份的挣扎与探索。该论文准备从创伤理论视角切入,揭示文中华裔女性面临的沉重创伤,及新一代女性走出创伤寻找自我的心路历程。     

Return to play management after concussion in football: recommendations for team physicians

Abstract

A concussion is a rare but potentially serious injury of football players. Thus, an immediate and valid diagnosis, estimate of severity and therapeutic management is required. To summarise the published information on management of concussion with respect to a safe return to play (RTP), a literature search was conducted. Current guidelines on concussion in sports and significant studies on concussion in football were analysed. After concussion, management and RTP decision should remain in the area of clinical judgement on an individualised basis according to the current international guidelines. If a concussion is suspected, the player should not be allowed to RTP the same day. The RTP programme should follow a gradual step-wise procedure. A concussed player should not RTP unless he/she is asymptomatic and the neurological and neuropsychological examinations are normal. Untimely RTP bears an increased risk of sustaining another more severe brain injury and repetitive brain injury of long-term sequelae. In football, the management of concussion should primarily follow the recommendations proposed by the Concussion in Sports Group. Information and education of players and their medical and coaching team help to protect the players’ health. Future studies on concussion should include validated and detailed information on RTP protocols.     

灾难心理创伤及受灾民众的心理援助

现代社会,灾难心理援助成为了迫切的时代需求。灾难心理援助的本质是帮助受灾民众与外部环境之间保持心理平衡,形成动态的耦合关系。灾难心理援助受到多种社会因素的制约,需要综合应用各种方法,加强灾难心理援助体系和制度建设。     

Analogical reasoning in adolescents with intellectual disability: effects of external memories and time processing

Analogical reasoning involves the comparison of pictures as well as the memorisation of relations. Young children (4–7 years old) and students with moderate intellectual disability have a short memory span, which hampers them in succeeding traditional analogical tests. In the present study, we investigated if, by providing external memory hints, the visual aid could enable these participants to succeed in analogies comprising more relations than their memory span was able to manage. Our analogical test, composed of 2 × 2 matrices, was administered in two versions: the standard version, similar to traditional tests, required the participant to memorise all the relations involved in order to discover the solution, whereas the construction version required him/her to construct the answer part by part by using external memories, which potentially increased success by offloading the memory. Our results show that students with moderate intellectual disability reached results similar to typically developing control children when provided with external memory hints (referred to as external memories). Moreover, in the most complex levels of the test, they did not spend more time than control children in solving the analogies.     

The International Platform of Sexuality & Relationship Education

This study was an investigation of the additional risk conferred by the experience of psychogenic amnesia for memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on the likelihood of becoming a victim of sexual assault in later life. A total of 210 community respondents completed a retrospective web-based trauma survey. The majority of respondents were female (74.3%) and their ages ranged from 16 to 65 years, with a mean age of 33 years. Chi-squared analysis revealed that survivors of CSA demonstrated significantly greater risk (58%, χ^2 = 44.461, p = 0.0005) of experiencing sexual assault in adolescence in comparison with their non-abused counterparts (13%). Furthermore, survivors who reported having been amnesic for their abuse-related memories demonstrated a higher rate of adolescent revictimisation (86%) than survivors who had retained continuous memories of their victimisation (48%, χ^2 = 8.626, p = 0.003). Overall, once-amnesic survivors of CSA demonstrated 6.6 times the risk of sexual assault and an eight-fold risk for rape during adolescence in comparison with their non-abused counterparts. It is proposed that the elevated risk conferred by amnesia for CSA might be mediated by two distinct pathways, both of which are associated with the use of dissociation as a defence mechanism.     

颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的诊疗分析

目的：探讨颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床表现及救治要点。方法：回顾性分析60例颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床资料。结果：入院时已脑疝形成15例,经神经外科手术治疗后,死亡5例,其余患颅脑损伤者治愈。颅面部骨折中上颌骨和下颌骨骨折共27例,20例行小型或微型接骨板内固定,2例行牙弓夹板颌间牵引,5例行可吸收内固定材料固定,效果良好,其他骨折自行愈合。结论：颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床救治需多学科综合治疗,早期全面系统的检查,减少漏诊率,从而获得满意的治疗效果。     

儿童早期的心理创伤对成年后心理的影响

以案例呈现方式列举了儿童早期受惊吓、被忽视的6个案例,针对案例中的当事人症状剖析了童年时的经历,分析了成年行为与童年经历之间的关系。指出家长和学前教育工作者应努力给幼儿创设安全的心理环境,以使其成年后有幸福的人生。     

童话对儿童创伤经验的书写

心理是由内在的、相互对立的力量构成的发展中的矛盾统一体。创伤经验是心理内部冲突的表现，它是打破虚幻的自我、重新构建主体的积极力量。童话运用语言对创伤经验进行表征，使主体欲望得以表现，儿童无以名状的内在焦虑也由此转化为外在的具体所指。从而有助于儿童对主体的重新构建。     

不堪叙说的故事——论托尼·莫里森的小说《宠儿》

托尼·莫里森的《宠儿》讲述了一个不堪叙说的故事,以一种被压抑的叙述为手段,再现了神秘的人类救赎仪式,升华了种族创伤记忆.在她的创作中,她以艺术手段表达了非裔美国文化对西方主流文化的反叛,探索一条走出历史阴影的道路.