教师行为研究:课程与教学论的重要研究方向

20世纪,课程论和教学论得到了巨大发展,同时也暴露出实践品性不足的倾向。这种倾向既是课程与教学论发展的一个阶段性标志,也为课程与教学论的进一步发展提供了空间。近年来,课程与教学论的整合研究越来越受到重视,这为增强课程与教学论的实践品性提供了新的思路,也为教师行为研究提供了新的理论基础。教师行为研究是一项实践性比较强的研究,成为课程与教学论整合的一个重要途径,为课程与教学论的发展开辟了一个新的研究方向。     

成人教育研究的反思与前瞻

反思与前瞻,为成人教育研究确定了新的研究纲领:回归丰富的成人生活世界、走进缤纷的成人精神家园。无论是对成人教育一般研究活动而言,还是对成人教育学科建设而言,执行这一纲领,是成人教育未来发展应采取的基本态度和首要的方法论选择。执行这一纲领,必须采取新的研究行动:解析成人群体结构、关怀成人生存境遇、解读成人学习行为、构建教育支持系统。     

我国教育经济学研究的特点及主要理论贡献

本文在回顾与评价教育经济学发展历程的基础上,分析了我国教育经济学研究的特点,探讨了我国教育经济学研究的理论贡献。     

民族传统体育的历史走向及发展对策研究

就民族传统体育的历史走向，按民族的地域性，把56个民族分成五大板块，对项目的分布、内容、特点、民族节目与传统体育活动等，作了定向分析。对民族传统体育技术体系和理论体系的发展趋势进行了探讨，提出了民族传统体育的发展对策。     

2000年以来中国体育史学研究的回顾与展望

2000年以来，中国体育史学研究逐步拓展了研究领域，学科理论基础逐步深广，学科的现实性逐步增强，研究成果逐步系统化。在市场经济体制逐步确立和北京筹办2008年奥运会的背景下，体育史学科面临着国际交往空前增多等机遇，也将受社会思潮的冲击等挑战。只有从学科体系、研究方法、高校支持等方面入手，才能追赶上国际体育史学发展潮流。武术史、体育经济史、体育化史、体育新闻传播史等领域都面临着转型等问题。     

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.     

Guideposts and Roadblocks to the Career-Long Scholarly Engagement of Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty

Purpose: Scholarship is essential for the growth and development of the physical education field. Over time, scholarship expectations have changed, forcing faculty members to alter time spent for research, teaching, and service. Social-cognitive career theory (SCCT) presents a model for understanding performance and persistence in an occupational environment. The interconnected aspects of SCCT have different emphasis related to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, or personal goals pursuit. This study explored physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty members’ continuing engagement in scholarly activity through SCCT. Method: Data collection included interviews with 9 senior PETE faculty members who met the criteria for “productive scholars over time.” Curriculum vitae were collected to verify productivity. Results: Data analysis revealed guidepost themes that included collaborating, finding balance, defining a research process, and maintaining a strong work ethic. Roadblocks encountered included other obligations and lack of support for research. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated strong self-efficacy; held high, positive expectations for success; and set very specific, clear, and deliberate goals. Participant behavior was moderated by their personal attributes (capacity to build relationships, set goals, and maintain interest and passion) and was tempered by the environments in which they worked. Fostering similar behaviors has the potential to guide future and current PETE faculty members in creating supportive and encouraging atmospheres for sustained productivity. The lack of literature relating to this topic warrants the need for more research exploring the influential factors and benefits gained from sustained scholarly productivity over time for PETE faculty members.     

对不同竞技水平篮球比赛投篮方式的研究*

在不同竞技水平的篮球比赛中,球员使用的投篮方式也有着差别,它们受球员位置、投篮距离和投篮角度的等多因素的影响.通过对五种不同竞技水平篮球比赛的投篮方式的研究,调查它们中的投篮方式、投篮状态及其影响因素,并分析产生不同的原因.结果显示:成人比赛和青少年比赛之间的投篮方式差距较大;青少年比赛中相对较多的投篮出手是以单脚起跳或单脚站立执行和相对较多的投篮不能被归类,青少年比赛中还会出现较多的运球或内切到篮下完成.在NBA中由于运动员的身体素质较好,与欧洲联赛和CBA相比,扣篮出现的频率较高而勾手出现的频率较低.     

关于训练理论研究中若干方法论问题的思考

摘要：我国训练理论研究水平仍处在经验阶段,训练理论的治理迫在眉睫。运用文献资料法、逻辑法、时序法等研究方法,以科学技术哲学与复杂性科学为研究视角,从方法论层面试厘清训练理论研究中所出现的问题,以及未来研究趋向等问题。研究认为复杂性是认识训练规律的路径、科学理性是提升训练理论着眼点、学科交叉性是促进训练理论增长点、非线性是促使训练理论研究转型、整体性是表达训练理论的要义。通过提出超越传统意义上的方法论纲领,以期加快竞技体育治理体系和治理能力的现代化,适应国家竞技体育发展战略的需求;希冀训练理论对现代训练实践的要求做出科学地解释与说明,实现训练理论在实践中的应用性和操作性。     

Designing policy: collaborative policy development within the context of the European capital of culture bid process

ABSTRACT

How do ideas become policies? What route do they take from inception to implementation and what criteria are used to evaluate one set of proposals against another? This paper examines the development of the Creative Work Fellowship policy proposal in Limerick, tracing the origins of the idea, itself a contended and negotiated object, from discussions between academics and policy-makers through to scoping, pitching and scaling the policy to its eventual users. This policy idea was designed during the Intelligence Unit (IU) commissioned by Limerick2020 as part of the city’s bid to become European Capital of Culture in 2020. The IU took the form of a policy think-tank, tasked with generating insights, ideas and policy proposals into the place of culture within Limerick city and region. The IU structure created a set of actors and an epistemic community capable of both generating and using ideas effectively, chiefly through two mechanisms. The first involved a robust critique and rebuilding process that every element of the policy was exposed to; the second involved feedback from interested parties at specific stages in the process. This created a series of “policy entrepreneurs” capable of taking a fully costed and modelled policy suggestion to government. The findings presented in the paper include an analysis of the collaborative nature of this policy development process, Based on this framework, we also consider the role of the European City of Culture bid process as catalyst for policy development in a regional context, and present findings on this subject.