Playful structure: a novel image of early years pedagogy for primary school classrooms

Playful structure is a new pedagogic image representing a more balanced and integrated perspective on early years pedagogy, aiming to blend apparent dichotomies and contradictions and to sustain and evolve play-based practice beyond Year 1. Playful structure invites teachers and children to initiate and maintain a degree of playfulness in the child’s whole learning experience, even when the learning intentions demand a supportive structure. Thus, playfulness becomes characteristic of the interaction between adult and the child and not just characteristic of child-initiated versus adult-initiated activities, or of play-time versus task-time. The paper is based on intensive observations and interviews with teachers in Northern Ireland who participated in a play-based and informal curriculum. This paper explains how playful structure rests on complementary processes of infusion of structure into play-based activities and infusion of playfulness into more structured activities, illustrated by cameos. ‘Infusion’ suggests the subtle blending process that allows apparent dichotomies and contradictions to be resolved in practice.     

中国共产党的“百年宣言”——学习“胡锦涛同志‘七一’重要讲话”有感（上）

＂中国共产党的‘百年宣言’——学习胡锦涛同志‘七一’重要讲话有感＂一文主要从两个方面进行了阐述与论证：一、简要通过＂六个＂曾几何时,初步阐述与论证了《讲话》是＂中国共产党的‘百年宣言’＂的理由与观点。二、主要通过＂‘十大特点’与‘二十性’＂（即＂历史性与客观性＂;＂前瞻性与创新性＂;＂群众性与时代性＂;＂战略性与科学性＂;＂实践性与理论性＂;＂尖锐性与坦诚性＂;＂现实性与指导性＂;＂远见性与启迪性＂;＂逻辑性与哲理性＂;＂文学性与可读性＂）,深入阐述与全面论证了《讲话》是＂中国共产党的‘百年宣言’＂的原因与理由。     

The disease burden of childhood adversities in adults: a population-based study

Objectives

There is much evidence showing that childhood adversities have considerable effects on the mental and physical health of adults. It could be assumed therefore, that the disease burden of childhood adversities is high. It has not yet been examined, however, whether this is true.

Method

We used data of a large representative sample (N = 7,076) of the general population in the Netherlands. We calculated the disability weight (DW) for each respondent. The DW is a weight factor that reflects the severity of a disease or condition on a scale from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (equivalent to death). We used an algorithm based on the SF-6D to estimate DW. Because the DW indicates the proportion of a healthy life year that is reduced by the specific health state of the individual, it also possible to calculate the total number of years lost due to disability (YLD) in the population. We calculated the years lived with disability (YLD) for 9 different childhood adversities (in the areas of parental psychopathology; abuse and neglect; major life events), as well as for major categories of mental disorders and general medical disorders.

Results

All 9 adversities resulted in a significantly increased DW, except death of a parent before the age of 16. Adversities in the category of abuse and neglect are associated with the highest DWs (0.057), followed by parental psychopathology (0.031) and life events during childhood (0.012). All adversities (46.4% of the population reports one or more adversity) are associated with 20.7 YLD/1,000, which is more than all mental disorders together (12.9 YLD/1,000). The category of abuse/neglect has the highest YLD/1,000 (15.8), which is also higher than all mental disorders together. Adjustment for the presence of mental and general medical disorders resulted in comparable outcomes.

Conclusions

Childhood adversities are more important from a public health point of view than all common mental disorders together, and should be a priority for public health interventions.     

胡乔木晚年对中共治史理念的新思考

作为中共党史专家兼领导者,胡乔木对中共党史学科在十年文化大革命中的遭遇有太多的思考。这种思考,带来他治史理念的新变化。针对文化大革命中党史学遭到的破坏,胡乔木科学论证了历史与政治的关系;提出了党史研究要坚持科学性、四面八方、历史主义、学术价值与阅读价值相统一的原则;晚年他还特别强调对中共党史研究要坚持以史实叙史,以及历史要分析等科学的研究方法。他的这些新思考,为中共党史学在文化大革命结束后的拨乱反正作出了贡献,促进了中共党史研究的新发展。     

Issues in the development of children’s centres on nursery and primary school sites

This paper explores the development of children’s centres in England between 2004 and 2008, focusing on the newly created centres that have been located on primary and nursery school sites. Using both an analysis of policy documents and interview data from three urban local authorities, we examine the use of premises and the differing priorities of centre staff and school heads, particularly in relation to the balance of services between early years education, childcare and family support. We also explore governance issues, focusing especially on patterns of accountability. In so doing, we also examine the tensions that exist between children’s centres located on primary and on nursery school sites and the schools themselves.     

优秀短距离游泳运动员余贺新多年训练安排的控制

摘要:我国男子短距离游泳项目近年有了长足进步,但与我国长距离相比离世界最优秀运动员还有相当大的距离,因此,积极探索我国男子短距离游泳项目多年训练安排的规律迫在眉睫。本文主要运用跟踪测试法、数理统计法、文献资料法等,对优秀短距离游泳运动员余贺新多年训练安排成效的揭示,力图从个案剖析中寻找短距离游泳训练规律。结论：余贺新多年训练安排既满足“分期理论”的条件,也符合“板块”理论训练的特点;余贺新多年有氧能力训练贯穿于全程,其他所需各能力则按照“分期”与“板块”的要求安排各异;余贺新多年训练安排除了具有个人训练特点外,也适应世界顶级运动员成才的规律。     

中国体育旅游研究20年:述评与展望

以文献述评为基础,首先简要回顾了20年来中国体育旅游研究历程;从体育旅游概念界定、体育旅游类型分类、体育旅游专项规划和体育旅游发展对策四个方面对20年来国内体育旅游的研究成果进行了分析述评和研究.提出了:1)体育旅游概念界定的本质属性关键看体育,旅游仅是其一般属性;2)体育旅游概念在“体育”属性上的清晰界定,将为体育旅游的科学研究提供一个全新的理论框架体系;3)体育旅游不仅属于旅游业,更是体育产业的重要组成部分;4)体育旅游资源类型按照国家标准分为康体型、观光型和赛事型三种类型;5)体育旅游的研究范畴应从“体育旅游资源”向“体育游憩资源”深化拓展;6)体育旅游规划应向体育旅游“专项游憩规划”和“中高端业态规划”方向深化;7)体育旅游发展对策需从产业融合的经济视角挖掘其深层次发展的瓶颈与障碍等观点与建议.最后从旅游业和体育产业的国家政策以及部门“十二五”规划对体育旅游的大力发展措施上,展望了中国体育旅游未来的研究前景、研究内容框架体系和旅游院校相应的调整与变革.     

十年来国内英语短语动词研究综述

英语短语动词是语法学习中的一个重难点,近年来受到了语言学界的广泛关注,成为了语法研究的一个热点论题。从研究成果分析、研究内容和存在问题与建议几个方面对国内十年来英语动词研究情况进行综述,可以让研究者了解其研究发展的脉络与趋势,为今后的深入研究提供启示。     

河南成为全国政治中心时间考实

河南地处我国中部,历史文化悠久厚重,具有重要地位。河南成为全国政治中心时间为世人所关注。诸说不一。以王朝都城为政治中心作标志,历代王朝形成的政治中心分为全国政治中心、地方区域中心。累计计算历代王朝在河南建都时间,可知河南成为政治中心的时间近2000年,位居全国34个省区之首。这是河南历史文化最具标志性的亮点,是对中国历史文化的特殊贡献。     

近十年我国成人闲暇教育研究述评

受终身教育思潮的影响,成人闲暇教育逐步进入人们的研究视野,诸多学者对此进行了积极的探讨,并在基础理论、区域实践、不同职业人群和推进策略等方面都取得了丰富的成果,为成人闲暇教育学科体系构建奠定了基础。揭示成人闲暇教育研究中存在的理论研究薄弱、研究体系欠缺、学科交叉不足、使用方法单一等问题,对其领域的拓展和质量的提升具有重要的意义。