The Joint Establishment of the World Federation of Scientific Workers and of UNESCO After World War II

The World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFScW) and UNESCO share roots in the Social Relations of Science (SRS) movements and in the Franco-British scientific relations which developed in the 1930s. In this historical context (the Great Depression, the rise of Fascism and the Nazi use of science, the social and intellectual fascination for the USSR), a new model of scientific internationalism emerged, where science and politics mixed. Many progressive scientists were involved in the war efforts against Nazism, and tried to prolong their international commitments into peacetime. They contributed to the establishment of the WFScW and of UNESCO in 1945–1946. Neither the WFScW nor UNESCO succeeded in achieving their initial aims. Another world emerged from the immediate post-war years, but it was not the world fancied by the progressive scientists from the mould of scientific internationalism. The aim of this article is to follow the path from the Franco-British networks towards the establishment of the WFScW and UNESCO; from an ideological scientific internationalism towards practical projects. It is to understand how these two bodies came to embody two different scientific internationalisms during the Cold War.

16周有氧运动对社区高血压患者焦虑水平以及相关激素的影响

摘要：研究目的:探讨中等强度有氧运动对原发性高血压患者血压、焦虑状况的影响及相关机制。研究方法:筛选社区高血压病患者20人（男3名、女17名）,平均年龄为62.50±2.82岁;施以1h/天、6天/周中等强度运动;在运动16周前中后分别填写心理焦虑量表,检测身高、体重、腰围、血压、体脂百分比以及血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾上腺素、皮质醇。研究结果:1）与运动前相比,16周运动后维持抗压药正常量的人数从90%下降至45%,35%受试者服药量减半,不服药的人数增长了10%;2）运动16周末受试者SBP、DBP均出现非常显著性的降低（p＜0.01）,且脉压差也有显著性的降低（p＜0.05）;3）运动16周后焦虑水平有显著性的下降（p＜0.01）,且近69%高血压患者的焦虑状况得到明显的改善;4）运动16周后血清AngⅡ、E以及COR的含量均有非常显著性降低（p＜0.01）。研究结论:1）中等强度运动能有效降低高血压患者的血压;2）中等强度运动能明显改善高血压患者的焦虑水平,且情绪向良性发展;3）中等强度运动能够显著降低高血压患者血清AngⅡ、E以及COR的含量,这可能是中等强度运动有效改善高血压患者焦虑状况及降低血压的生理生化基础。     

从“招呼语”谈英语语用能力培养

英语教学不仅要教给学生知识,还要培养学生运用知识的能力。但在实际运用中,经常出现语用失误。下面从常见的＂招呼语＂入手,分析语用失误原因,并提出如何培养学生语用能力的具体对策。     

锌(Ⅱ)离子为中心的三元配合物的水热合成及晶体结构

通过水热反应,合成了一种2-(4-吡啶基)-苯并咪唑、对硝基苯甲酸及锌(Ⅱ)三元配合物.并对该配合物的结构进行了测定,发现该配合物属于三斜晶系,P-1点群,晶胞参数为a=0.7902(8)nm,b=1.3277(13)nm,c=1.7837(17)nm;α=99.953°(18),β=94.666°(16),γ=90.354°(16).每个锌离子周围有两个对硝基苯甲酸及两个2-(4-吡啶基)-苯并咪唑;其中两个对硝基苯甲酸分别以一个羧基氧原子,两个2-(4-吡啶基)-苯并咪唑分别以吡啶环上的氮原子和锌离子中配位,形成四面体结构.     

Substituting SAT II: Subject Tests for SAT I: Reasoning Tests: Impact on Admitted Class Composition and Quality

Using data from a sample of 10 colleges at which most students had taken both SAT I: Reasoning tests and SAT II: Subject tests, we simulated the effects of making selection decisions using SAT II scores in place of SAT I scores. Specifically, we treated the students in each college as forming the applicant pool for a more select college, and then selected the top two thirds (and top one third) of the students using high school grade point average combined with either SAT I scores or the average of SAT II scores. Success rates, in terms of first-year grade point averages, were virtually identical for students selected by the different models. The percentage of African American, Asian American, and White students selected varied only slightly across models. Appreciably more Mexican American and Other Latino students were selected with the model that used SAT II scores in place of SAT I scores because these students submitted subject test scores for the Spanish test on which they had high scores.     

羰基钌(Ⅱ)卟啉的电化学性质研

研究了八乙基卟啉钌(II)及四种带有不同取代基的四苯基卟啉羰基合钌(II)的电化学行为,考察了取代基对羰基钌卟啉的电化学性质的影响,测定了其电子转移反应速率常数。     

信息化时代下的图书馆期刊订购和管理

图书馆期刊具有连续性、动态性以及数量多等特点,这给图书馆期刊订购和管理带来一定难度。在信息化时代下,利用Excel和ILAS II系统中的连续出版物子系统进行期刊订购和管理,可以提高工作效率,减少重订、漏订等现象发生。     

跑台运动通过p38信号上调FNDC5激活Akt改善Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍

目的:探讨8周跑台运动对db/dbT2DM小鼠认知功能的影响及其分子机制。方法:24只8周龄db/dbT2DM小鼠和8只同龄对照m/m小鼠,将db/db小鼠随机分为:模型组(db/db)、运动干预组(db+Exe)、运动联合p38抑制剂组(db+Exe+SB203580)。db+Exe组进行8周跑台训练,db+Exe+SB203580组进行8周跑台运动联合SB203580抑制剂灌胃处理(5mg/kg,3d/W,8W)。每周定时检测小鼠的体重和空腹血糖;干预结束后,取全脑及海马组织,免疫组织化学染色观察海马不同区域的神经元损伤状态;Western Blot检测海马组织中AD样病理、神经炎症、突触可塑性、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)/Ⅲ型纤连蛋白组件包含蛋白5(FNDC5)、Akt激酶等蛋白的表达。结果显示:(1)跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍。(2)减轻db/db小鼠的海马神经元损伤。(3)降低海马内AD样病理、神经炎症蛋白的表达,增加突触蛋白的表达水平。(4)通过p38信号上调PGC-1α/FNDC5的表达。(5)跑台运动可激活Akt激酶,而p38抑制剂可降低跑台运动对Akt激酶的激活作用。结论:8周跑台运动可明显改善db/db小鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能是通过p38上调PGC-1α/FNDC5,激活Akt激酶,减弱AD病理进程,降低炎性反应,增加突触可塑性,改善其空间学习记忆能力。     

《利济学堂报》与其农学知识传播

为厘清《利济学堂报》（1897）中关于近代农学知识的传播脉络,认识其对近代农业的指导意义及地位。采用传播统计和原始文献分析方法,统计了《利济学堂报》中涉及农学知识的篇目,共57篇文章,并归为农政、蚕桑、农作物、园艺、土壤肥料、植物保护、农贸、农产制造、农具等12个子类目。其中,蚕桑、农政、农作物、农产制造、土壤肥料五类所占比重较大,占所有文章的72%,并对所有类目作了内容分析,了解各自的发展态势,进而掌握农业这一整个学科的概貌。《利济学堂报》中分门别类的农学知识几乎囊括了现代农学的二级次生学科,为之后专业性农业期刊《农学报》的诞生提供了重要的学科分类标准及信息来源,＂农学琐言＂专栏的设列充分表明该刊认识到农业知识的重要性,为其后专业性农业科技期刊《农学报》的产生作了良好的铺垫作用。