1918—1919年大流感传播的原因及其影响

1918—1919年大流感是一场世界性的灾难,它之所以迅速传播到世界各地,与第一次世界大战有密切关系。战时的人员集中和流动加速了疾病传播;战争造成的恶劣生活条件削弱了人们对疾病的抵抗力;战争环境下国家卫生防疫政策受到了极大干扰。这场流感造成了大量人口死亡,同时也加速了第一次世界大战的结束。     

法学教育藏汉双语实践教学改革路径探讨

一些藏区高校在法学教育中先后开展藏汉双语教学,其目标在于培养熟练运用藏汉双语从事法律工作的复合型、应用性的法律人才。法学教育培养目标的实现离不开扎实有效、形式多样的实践教学。现阶段法学教育中藏汉双语实践教学存在诸多问题,影响着藏汉双语法律人才培养目标的实现。在实践教学中,创新实践教学方式,扎实开展形式多样的实践教学是解决问题,不断提高藏汉双语法律人才培养质量的根本路径选择。     

一种Salen双肟类配体及其乙酸铜配合物的合成与表征

以1,2-二胺氧乙烷和4-羟基水杨醛为原料,在无水乙醇溶剂中合成了Salen双肟类配体5,5′-二羟基-2,2′-[乙二氧双(氮次甲基)]二酚(H4L)。以丙酮为溶剂,将H4L与一水合乙酸铜在室温下反应,制备了一种新的Salen双肟类乙酸铜配合物。通过元素分析、核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱及差热-热重等表征方法得知配合物的可能结构式为[Cu(C16H14N2O6)].2H2O。     

Promoting a Juvenile Awards Approval Plan: Using Collaboration and Selected Projects for Improved Visibility and Findability to Promote Juvenile Collections in Academic Libraries

This article describes a project to promote an approval plan for purchasing award-winning juvenile books. The overall project utilizes a combination of projects for promoting awareness and use of the awards books and the juvenile collection in general. The promotion plan includes collaborative work with teacher education faculty, projects to increase the visibility of the juvenile collection in the library, and projects to improve the findability of the juvenile books via the online catalog and an online subject guide. Initial assessment of the plan indicates some success with increased book circulation and increased use of the online guide.     

Are Library Science Programs Preparing New Librarians? Creating a Sustainable and Vibrant Librarian Community

Recent studies show a growing sense of frustration for new library and information science (LIS) graduates who struggle to gain employment, as well as for hiring libraries who find the skills of entry-level employee candidates to be lacking. This study endeavors to discover the origins of this troubling juxtaposition by examining the perceptions of recent LIS graduates. The researchers administered a large-scale survey with over 575 respondents, analyzed and coded the data, and compared codes using a Cohen's kappa calculation. The responses indicate that LIS graduates feel that their LIS education would have been more valuable had it given them more opportunities to gain experience, more courses in technology and instruction, more guidance in which courses to take, and more mentoring opportunities with practicing information professionals.     

国内外信息可视化研究的比较分析

为挖掘国内及国际信息可视化领域研究主体和理论来源的异同,全面把握该领域的理论根基与发展趋势,以CNKI、CSSCI和WoS数据库中15年来信息可视化领域的文献为研究对象,借助Ucinet和CiteSpace II,首先对比分析研究文献的时间分布,通过作者共被引分析挖掘国内外核心作者,并进行作者聚类分析,然后利用共现分析研究地域分布,最后通过文献共被引分析对该领域的知识基础进行比较,得到信息可视化领域的基础性文献。     

Thematics and products in American magazine advertising containing children, 1940–1950

To assess changes in thematic and value depictions in American magazine advertising containing children from 1940 to 1950, a content analysis coded advertisements for themes/genres, product‐types, and connections of ad‐child to ad‐product. While results indicate significant increases in the number of advertisements containing children in the postwar years, findings also show the majority of those advertisements to be for “adult‐oriented products.”; However, postwar advertising images also hail children in larger amounts as observed through various personalizing aspects. For example, children are increasingly shown in the postwar period “looking at,”; “reaching for,”; or “using”; the ad‐product. There are also significant postwar increases in the favorable reaction of the ad‐child to the ad‐product itself, rather than to product use. As expected there are several inter‐period thematic shifts, particularly those of “war/home front”; and “teen social”;. Finally, image assessments point to postwar shifts in the value associations taking place between ad‐children and ad‐products.     

HDAC1、8在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞间质转化中的表达及意义

目的：观察TGF-β1作用下,肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞RLE-6TN在EMT过程中HDAC1、8的表达情况及TSA对TGF-β1诱导细胞EMT的影响。方法：将TGF-β1加入到体外培养的细胞中,于不同时间收取细胞,采用WB及Real-time RT-PCR检测HDAC1、8及E-cad、α-SMA的表达情况。然后将TGF-β1加入经过TSA预处理的细胞中,于不同时间收取细胞,重新检测上述基因。结果：加入TGF-β1后,E-cad蛋白表达下调;α-SMA蛋白表达上调;HDAC1蛋白表达上调;HDAC8蛋白表达下调。E-cad mRNA表达下调;α-SMA及HDAC8的mRNA均于12 h表达上调,6 h、24 h表达下调;HDAC1 mRNA表达于6 h下调,24 h上调。加入TSA后,E-cad蛋白表达上调;α-SMA、HDAC1及HDAC8蛋白的表达均下调。E-cad mRNA表达上调;α-SMA mRNA表达于6 h、12 h上调,24 h下调;HDAC1 mRNA表达下调;HDAC8 mRNA表达上调。结论：TGF-β1体外诱导的RLE-6TN细胞EMT,可以通过应用TSA抑制其获得α-SMA表型、失去E-cad表型,从而部分逆转TGF-β1诱导的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮EMT。     

有氧运动对女性II型糖尿病患者HDL成熟的影响

目的：分析空腹和餐后,有氧运动对II糖尿病患者血浆脂蛋白特性、前B1一HDL浓度、体外HDL,清除巨噬细胞胆固醇和抑制LDL氧化能力的作用。方法：受试者分为三组,健康对照组（A,n=11）;II糖尿病运动组（B,n=11）;II糖尿病不运动组（C,n=11）。A和B组进行4个月的有氧运动。所有受试者都进行一次脂肪餐负荷试验以分析各种参数的基础值和最后值。结果：运动没有改变体重、BMI、血浆总胆固醇、LDL、HDL、TG、胰岛素浓度和HOMA—IR,但是降低了腰围。HDL3没有变化,有氧运动没有改变其清除细胞胆固醇的能力。糖尿病患者进行有氧运动能改善饥饿状态下HDL,阻止LDL最大氧化率能力的15％,降低餐后血浆前β1-HDL浓度,表明增加前β1-HDL向大的、更加成熟的HDL转化。就此而言,规律的有氧运动增加健康人空腹和餐后的HDL2和TG,增加糖尿病患者空腹时HDL2和TG。结论：研究结果显示糖尿病患者进行有氧运动改善HDL抑制LDL氧化的效力,帮助HDL成熟。这个结果不依赖于胰岛素抵抗的改变和血浆HDL浓度的变化。     

Modeling and multi-objective optimization of a gasoline engine using neural networks and evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization （MOPSO） algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） are used to optimize the operating parameters of a 1.6 L, spark ignition （SI） gasoline engine. The aim of this optimization is to reduce engine emissions in terms of carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocarbons （HC）, and nitrogen oxides （NOx）, which are the causes of diverse environmental problems such as air pollution and global warming. Stationary engine tests were performed for data generation, covering 60 operating conditions. Artificial neural networks （ANNs） were used to predict exhaust emissions, whose inputs were from six engine operating parameters, and the outputs were three resulting exhaust emissions. The outputs of ANNs were used to evaluate objective functions within the optimization algorithms： NSGA-II and MOPSO. Then a decision-making process was conducted, using a fuzzy method to select a Pareto solution with which the best emission reductions can be achieved. The NSGA-II algorithm achieved reductions of at least 9.84%, 82.44%, and 13.78% for CO, HC, and NOx, respectively. With a MOPSO algorithm the reached reductions were at least 13.68%, 83.80%, and 7.67% for CO, HC, and NOx, respectively.