超声在测量位移中的新方法

介绍了无损检测中超声检测的发展,包括基于超声散斑所含界面的信息来测量界面位移的两种新方法即超声散斑相关法和超声散斑干涉法.并对这两种方法的理论及其相关的实验过程和数据处理作了综述.讨论了这两种方法适用的测量范围和条件,以及未来的发展趋势.     

微波辐射相转移催化合成对甲苯基苄基醚

以水-95%乙醇为溶剂,以氯化苄和对甲苯酚为原料,在相转移催化作用下,利用微波辐射合成对甲苯基苄基醚。实验表明,对甲苯酚、氯化苄、氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1：1.1：1.1,400W下微波辐射反应6min。对甲苯基苄基醚的产率为96.21%。     

Active Learning of the Floor of Mouth Anatomy with Ultrasound

More emphasis is now being placed on active learning in medical education. Ultrasound is an active learning tool that can be used to supplement didactic instruction. This study describes a self-guided activity for learning floor of mouth ultrasound. Thirty-three first year medical students learned floor of mouth scan technique and ultrasound anatomy through a brief PowerPoint module. They subsequently performed the scan on a standardized patient. Each student was asked to label the floor of mouth muscles on the image he or she acquired. After the activity, the students were given a quiz on anatomic relationships of the floor of mouth. Perceptions about the activity were collected through a survey. All 33 students obtained a floor of mouth image within a three minute time limit. Twenty-four (73%) students were able to completely and accurately label the image in time. The mean score on the muscle relationships quiz was 93%. Overall perceptions were very positive with most students expressing a “high” or “very high” level of interest in incorporating similar self-guided activities within the curriculum. This study showed that it is feasible for students to learn scan technique and recognize relevant ultrasound anatomy in an independent fashion through a brief active learning module. Furthermore, the students found the activity enjoyable. The implication is that similar activities could be developed which would provide additional ways to incorporate active learning strategies.     

生鲜肉综合保鲜技术的探讨

生鲜肉经30W紫外灯分别照射10min、20min后，用5％，10％，15％姜汁浸涂，然后模拟超市销售条件贮存于4℃恒温箱中，每天取样测定挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、细菌总数、大肠杆菌数，并作感官评定，实验结果表明较长时间(超过20min)紫外照射，会使肉品产生辐照臭，20min紫外照射虽能杀死部分附着于肉品表面的微生物，但对于卫生状况较差的肉品，不能明显延长其保鲜期，10min紫外照射，对卫生状况较好的肉品的鲜度保持有一定效果，10％和15％浓度姜汁在肉品一级鲜度保持期内能较好地保持其色泽，减轻或消除紫外照射肉品所产生的不良气味，且有一定抑菌效果，浓度不同抑菌效果不同，肉品经适当时间紫外照射和姜汁浸涂处理后，其食用风味不会受到影响。     

烟气中SO_2,NO_x脱除的新技术——膜、电化学及高能辐射等技术

综述了近年发展起来的脱除烟道气中SO_2及NO_x的新技术,包括典型膜技术、电化学技术和结合化学反应的高能辐射技术(电子束照射、等离子体电晕放电等),经过不断改进,已有些达到小型工厂阶段,有非常诱人的前景。     

微波合成半导体CuS纳米粒子和Bi2S3纳米棒

在甲醛溶液中，以Cu(Ac)2,Bi(NO3)3和TAA为源材料，通过微波加热合成了CuS半导体纳米粒子和Bi2S3纳米棒，并用XRD，TEM进行了表征。     

技术性贸易措施新课题:辐照食品检测与中国的对策

欧盟和日本对进口辐照食品检测日趋严格,是一种新的技术性贸易措施,将对国际农产品贸易产生重大影响。事实上,辐照食品的卫生安全性已被世界公认,而且辐照食品在减少由食品传播疾病的发病率、降低食品贮藏中的损耗、延长食品的货架期有优越性。我国应在充分研究欧盟、CAC及日本标准检测方法并进行大量实验基础上,抓紧制订出我国的检测国标方法,并尽快开展辐照食品检验工作,提高我国技术性贸易措施的技术支撑能力和快速应对能力。     

二卤降蒈与卤仿的反应及其机理探讨

在强碱条件下,用超声辐射并使用相转移催化剂,二卤降蒈与卤仿反应发生卤素交换.并对该反应的游离基反应历程作了初步探讨.     

Undergraduate student perceptions of the use of ultrasonography in the study of “Living Anatomy”

Ultrasonography is a noninvasive imaging modality, and modern ultrasound machines are portable, inexpensive (relative to other imaging modalities), and user friendly. The aim of this study was to explore student perceptions of the use of ultrasound to teach “living anatomy”. A module utilizing transthoracic echocardiography was developed and presented to undergraduate medical, science, and dental students at a time they were learning cardiac anatomy as part of their curriculum. Relevant cardiac anatomy was explored on a student volunteer and images were projected in real‐time to all students via an AV projection system. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire about the learning experience and were given the opportunity to provide open feedback. The students' evaluations of this learning experience were very positive. They agreed or strongly agreed that it was an effective way to teach anatomy (90% medical; 77% dental; 100% science) and that it was incorporated in a way that promoted reinforcement of the lecture material (83% medical; 76% dental; 100% science). They agreed or strongly agreed with statements that the experience was innovative (93% medical; 92% dental; 100% science) and stimulated interest in the subject matter (86% medical; 75% dental; 96% science), and that they would like to see more modules, exploring other anatomical sites, incorporated into the curricula (83% medical; 72% dental; 100% science). We believe that ultrasound could be a useful tool, in conjunction with traditional teaching methods, to reinforce the learning of anatomy of a variety of different undergraduate student groups. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by alleviating inflammation via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway

ObjectiveCardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are major pathological manifestations observed in left ventricular remodeling induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in myocardial infarction (MI) through mechano-transduction and its downstream pathways. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether LIPUS could exert a protective effect by ameliorating AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and if so, to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe used AngII to mimic animal and cell culture models of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. LIPUS irradiation was applied in vivo for 20 min every 2 d from one week before mini-pump implantation to four weeks after mini-pump implantation, and in vitro for 20 min on each of two occasions 6 h apart. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis levels were then evaluated by echocardiographic, histopathological, and molecular biological methods.ResultsOur results showed that LIPUS could ameliorate left ventricular remodeling in vivo and cardiac fibrosis in vitro by reducing AngII-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, but the protective effects on cardiac hypertrophy were limited in vitro. Given that LIPUS increased the expression of caveolin-1 in response to mechanical stimulation, we inhibited caveolin-1 activity with pyrazolopyrimidine 2 (pp2) in vivo and in vitro. LIPUS-induced downregulation of inflammation was reversed and the anti-fibrotic effects of LIPUS were absent.ConclusionsThese results indicated that LIPUS could ameliorate AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis by alleviating inflammation via a caveolin-1-dependent pathway, providing new insights for the development of novel therapeutic apparatus in clinical practice.