广州市区334例跟骨定量超声骨量研究

应用跟骨定量超声仪 (QUS -2 )对 9个年龄段 ( 4年为 1段 ) 3 3 4名 (男 163人 ,女 171人 )健康志愿者 (除外患有影响骨代谢疾病及跟骨疾病者 ) ,进行跟骨超声振幅衰减 (BUA)测定。结果显示 :①峰值BUA位于 3 5～ 3 9岁年龄段 ,男性 ( 116 81± 3 2 6dB/MHz) ;女性 ,( 10 5 3 9± 5 2 2dB/MHz) ;②峰值骨量过后BUA随增龄而逐渐降低 (P <0 0 1) ,至 45岁年龄段时 ,男女均进入骨量减少期 :女性 5 0岁、男性 5 5岁年龄段时BUA均值进入骨质疏松期 ;③跟骨定量超声骨量峰值无明显性别差异 ,建立的峰值骨量可作为临床和流行病学研究诊断骨质疏松的基础参考值。     

摔跤、柔道运动员膝关节半月板 损伤的超声诊断技术探讨

探讨实时、动态的超声方法诊断半月板损伤的价值。方法：对52名摔跤、柔道运动员采用旋转和拉动手法活动膝关节，同时应用实时、动态的超声检测方法观察膝关节半月板的形态。结果：采用拉、挤、旋转等动作的同时实时、动态进行超声检查提高了半月板诊断的准确率、敏感率。结论：实时、动态的超声技术不失为临床诊断半月板损伤的优选检查方法，值得加以推广。     

超声诊断对因腹部粘连致trocar戳创损伤的预防

目的:探讨超声在腹腔镜手术前诊断腹腔粘连,及防止trocar腹壁戳创损伤的应用价值.方法:选择56例接受腹腔镜手术患者.采用自身手术前后对照方法,术前应用超声对脐孔、剑突下、右下腹三处最常用腹壁戳创部位,局部腹壁下粘连进行诊断,并与术中腹腔镜下所见实际结果相对照.结果:比较56例二次腹部手术患者,腹腔镜手术前后超声诊断结果.脐孔、剑突下、右下腹粘连诊断准确性分别为95%;98%;91%.手术前后比较,差异无显著性意义(P＜0.05),术前超声诊断与术中所见基本一致.结论:术前超声对腹壁下有无粘连判断准确,对腹腔镜手术选取第一穿刺点,防止trocar戳创损伤腹内脏器及意外出血具有帮助作用及临床意义.     

Validating baseball bat compliance

Professional baseball players have attempted to illegally modify baseball bats in the hopes of increasing bat speed and thus the distance travelled by batted balls. To date, no low-cost, non-invasive, real-time solution exists to this problem. Previously proposed solutions to this problem that involved using radar to measure the scatter signature of a scanned baseball bat were found to be extremely expensive. Ultrasound technology offers the ability to provide equivalent scatter signature measurements as compared to radar technology at a much lower cost and level of complexity while still operating in real time. We therefore present an ultrasound-based implementation of a prototype for a hand-held scanner unit designed to detect illegally modified baseball bats. A detailed discussion of the performance enhancements resulting from illegally modifying a baseball bat will be provided and an analysis of the attenuative properties of wood will be presented to determine appropriate sample rates for the ultrasound unit. Data acquisition issues encountered in prototyping the scanner will be examined and measurement data for both solid wood bats and modified bats will be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the ultrasound-based data acquisition unit and the prototype’s ability to distinguish between both types of scatter signatures.     

手机辐射下人体头颅内温升效应研究

手机与人体相互作用涉及两个方面问题：一是手机辐射对人体的作用;二是人体对手机的辐射特性所造成的影响。基于电磁辐射可引起生物组织温度升高且大脑又是对温升最为敏感的组织之一的考虑,用时域有限差分法（FDTD）数值计算了单一方向频率900MHz和1800MHz。功率1w手机辐射时头颅第90层横剖面内温升及Z轴方向温升最大值分布规律。结果表明：越靠近手机温升效果越明显,最高温升位于头颅耳朵附近,900MHz时头颅最大温升略高于1800MHz且沿Z轴温升最大值分布规律几乎一致。     

微波法合成β-环糊精-聚乳酸共聚物

基于微波法合成β-环糊精-聚乳酸共聚物．在微波辐射下丙交酯（D,L-LA）单体开环聚合形成聚乳酸（PLA）,然后与β-环糊精（β—CD）发生接枝共聚而成,并通过红外光谱、x-射线衍射、核磁共振技术对所合成聚合物的结构与性能进行了研究．     

超声波法优选黄花倒水莲中总黄酮的工艺研究

为探索黄花倒水莲中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,采用超声波法对黄花倒水莲中总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:超声波提取黄花倒水莲中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%,料液比1:20,超声时间20 min,超声温度80℃,超声功率50 W。该实验确定的最佳提取工艺简便易行,提取量高达3.71 mg·g-1。     

Can anatomists teach living anatomy using ultrasound as a teaching tool?

The utilization of bedside ultrasound by an increasing number of medical specialties has created the need for more ultrasound exposure and teaching in medical school. Although there is a widespread support for more vertical integration of ultrasound teaching throughout the undergraduate curriculum, little is known about whether the quality of ultrasound teaching differs if performed by anatomists or clinicians. The purpose of this study is to compare medical students' evaluation of ultrasound anatomy teaching by clinicians and anatomists. Hands‐on interactive ultrasound sessions were scheduled as part of the gross anatomy course following principles of adult learning and instructional design. Seven teachers (three anatomists and four clinicians) taught in each session. Before each session, anatomists were trained in ultrasound by clinicians. Students were divided into groups, rotated teachers between sessions, and completed evaluations. Results indicated students perceived the two groups as comparable for all factors except for knowledge organization and the helpfulness of ultrasound for understanding anatomy (P < 0.001). However, results from unpaired samples t‐tests demonstrated a nonstatistically significant difference between the groups within each session for both questions. Moreover, students' test performance for both groups was similar. This study demonstrated that anatomists can teach living anatomy using ultrasound with minimal training as well as clinicians, and encourage the teaching of living anatomy by anatomists in human anatomy courses using ultrasound. Repeating this study at a multicenter level is currently being considered to further validate our conclusion. Anat Sci Educ 7: 340–349. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

探究海绵铁/银脱氯还原降解二噁英的方法

以OCDF和12378-PeCDF为例,探究了海绵铁脱氯还原降解二噁英的方法。对比了超声、海绵铁+超声、海绵铁/银+超声三种处理二噁英的实验方法,并对海绵铁/银+超声处理方法中二噁英浓度、海绵铁投加量以及超声时间等条件进行了优化,探索海绵铁处理二噁英的方法。实验结果表明,在海绵铁/银+超声的体系条件下还不能脱氯还原降解二噁英,还需要做进一步深入的探究。     

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy: a potential strategy to stimulate tendon-bone junction healing

Incorporation of a tendon graft within the bone tunnel represents a challenging clinical problem. Successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires solid healing of the tendon graft in the bone tunnel. Enhancement of graft healing to bone is important to facilitate early aggressive rehabilitation and a rapid return to pre-injury activity levels. No convenient, effective or inexpensive procedures exist to enhance tendon-bone (T-B) healing after surgery. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) improves local blood perfusion and angiogenesis, stimulates cartilage maturation, enhances differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and motivates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and therefore, appears to be a potential non-invasive tool for T-B healing in early stage of rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction. It is conceivable that LIPUS could be used to stimulate T-B tunnel healing in the home, with the aim of accelerating rehabilitation and an earlier return to normal activities in the near future. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how LIPUS stimulates T-B healing at the cellular and molecular levels, describe studies in animal models, and provide a future direction for research.