一类二维Lotka—Volterra捕食食饵模型的周期解与概周期解

通过建立适当的李雅普诺夫泛函,利用微分不等式,讨论了一类二维Ｌｏｔｋａ－Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ捕食食饵模型的一致持久性和全局吸引性,获得了该模型的周期解的存在唯一性,概周期解存在唯一性及其在壳扰动下的稳定性。     

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.     

跆拳道实占姿势站立方法初探

实占姿势是跆拳道(竞技跆拳道以下同)基本技术之一,是跆拳道一切攻防技能的基础,通过对跆拳道实战姿势兀种不同的站立门法进行分类对比,以指导今后的跆拳道的教学和训练。通过分析对比,表明不同的站立方法对跆拳道运动员在比赛中采用何种技、战术有直接影响。     

There’s something about Mary: The moral value of things <Emphasis Type="Italic">qua</Emphasis> information objects

Luciano Floridi argues that every existing entity is deserving of at least minimal moral respect in virtue of having intrinsic value qua information object. In this essay, I attempt a comprehensive assessment of this important view as well as the arguments Floridi offers in support of it. I conclude both that the arguments are insufficient and that the thesis itself is substantively implausible from the standpoint of ordinary intuitions.     

轿车摆臂设计载荷谱的确定

通过实测轿车摆臂试车场道路载荷谱,对摆臂目标测点载荷进行采集．在原有载荷谱统计分析原理的基础上,依据结构的低载强化特性,确定出了摆臂结构的八级载荷谱．为进一步计算不同效果载荷（强化、损伤、无效载荷）的概率、研究零件静强度和疲劳强度的增长规律、总结可靠性设计中的载荷利用方法提供一定理论基础．     

The fourth dimension: A motoric perspective on the anxiety–performance relationship

This article focuses on raising concern that anxiety–performance relationship theory has insufficiently catered for motoric issues during, primarily, closed and self-paced skill execution (e.g., long jump and javelin throw). Following a review of current theory, we address the under-consideration of motoric issues by extending the three-dimensional model put forward by Cheng, Hardy, and Markland (2009) (‘Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271–278). This fourth dimension, termed skill establishment, comprises the level and consistency of movement automaticity together with a performer's confidence in this specific process, as providing a degree of robustness against negative anxiety effects. To exemplify this motoric influence, we then offer insight regarding current theories’ misrepresentation that a self-focus of attention toward an already well-learned skill always leads to a negative performance effect. In doing so, we draw upon applied literature to distinguish between positive and negative self-foci and suggest that on what and how a performer directs their attention is crucial to the interaction with skill establishment and, therefore, performance. Finally, implications for skill acquisition research are provided. Accordingly, we suggest a positive potential flow from applied/translational to fundamental/theory-generating research in sport which can serve to freshen and usefully redirect investigation into this long-considered but still insufficiently understood concept.     

站姿振动对血液粘度的影响

目的:探讨站姿振动和传统力量训练后,血液粘度的变化特征和生理学机制。方法:运动训练专业21名志愿者,在站姿振动或传统训练条件下,负重深蹲训练12周,测试血液粘度4次。结果:实验组的全血低切粘度、高频低振幅组的全血高切粘度、全血相对粘度和全血高切还原粘度明显增高,均与对照组差异显著。结论:站姿振动使血液粘度增大,其中高频低振幅振动的影响更早、更明显,应科学选择振动训练参数和提高医务监督能力。     

发展非公有制经济是欠发达地区经济发展的战路选择

欠发达地区的客观条件决定必须大力发展非公有制经济。发展非公有制经济，可以解决欠发达地区资金短缺、扩大就业、构造市场主体加快经济市场化进程、克服封闭意识树立市场观念等问题。欠发达地区人们必须进一步解放思想．优化环境，采取切实有效的措施，推动非公有制经济快速健康发展。     

Effects of different instructional constraints on task performance and emergence of coordination in children

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different instructional constraints on standing board jump (sbj) performance in children and understand the underlying changes in emergent movement patterns. Two groups of novice participants were provided with either externally or internally focused attentional instructions during an intervention phase. Pre- and post-test sessions were undertaken to determine changes to performance and movement patterns. Thirty-six primary fourth-grade male students were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to either an external, internal focus or control group. Different instructional constraints with either an external focus (image of the achievement) or an internal focus (image of the act) were provided to the participants. Performance scores (jump distances), and data from key kinematic (joint range of motion, ROM) and kinetic variables (jump impulses) were collected. Instructional constraints with an emphasis on an external focus of attention were generally more effective in assisting learners to improve jump distances. Intra-individual analyses highlighted how enhanced jump distances for successful participants may be concomitant with specific changes to kinematic and kinetic variables. Larger joint ROM and adjustment to a comparatively larger horizontal impulse to a vertical impulse were observed for more successful participants at post-test performance. From a constraints-led perspective, the inclusion of instructional constraints encouraging self-adjustments in the control of movements (i.e., image of achievement) had a beneficial effect on individuals performing the standing broad jump task. However, the advantage of using an external focus of attentional instructions could be task- and individual-specific.     

六朝临海郡郡域新考

六朝时期是台州地域真正开始发展的第一个历史时期，该时期临海郡辖县个数有过5次变化，郡域面积由早期的3．94万平方公里变为晚期的1．24万平方公里。