地理教材编写感悟

中小学地理教材的研究和编写工作是一项意义深远的伟大事业。可以说,人教版地理教材50年(1950~2000年)的建设史,就是新中国基础教育地理教材前50年的建设史。在这一探索和实践的过程中,作为教材的编写者有一些心得和感悟,主要包括以下四个方面。(1)中小学地理教材的编写工作,始终在国家的各种方针、政策,以及教育行政部门制定的课程计划和教学大纲的框架下进行。为国家教育培养目标服务,体现国家意志是基础教育教材特有的性质。(2)教材编写是建立在研究基础上的。研究团队的建设是教材编写的组织保证;地理科学和地理教学的理论和实践是我们编写教材的两个重要支撑。(3)教材编写是一个不断探索和完善的过程,注重实践,坚持学习是保证教材质量的关键。(4)教材编写是一个极具挑战的研究课题,每一版教材都是其中的一个阶段性成果,而这项课题的研究也将永远持续下去。     

中美小学数学课程“图形的认识”的比较研究

美国小学几何的图形的认识内容丰富,重视对探究、猜想、推理能力的培养。我国现行的数学课程小学几何的图形的认识的内容和要求,与大纲相比基本不变。与美国相比,我们的内容比较狭窄,有一定的拓展空间。建议增加一些几何图形的概念,如点、中点、平面、相交线、平面图形、多边形、立体图形等,以培养学生的空间观念、探究能力和创新精神。     

RPL for accreditation in higher education – As a process of mutual understanding or merely lifeworld colonisation?

This article focuses on a process of recognition of prior learning (RPL) in higher education. It is based on experiences from a project carried out in collaboration between the University of Lund, Linköping University and two trade unions in Sweden. The aim of the project was to find ways of recognising prior learning for accreditation of course credits at university level. In the project and its analysis, Habermas’ theory of communicative action was used as theoretical underpinning. During the project we carried out a thematic analysis based on interviews. The analysis suggested that the participants had a mystified view of higher education that RPL must be considered a learning process and that the participants’ prior learning can be characterised as practical wisdom. These themes guided the development of the project. In a retrospective analysis, language proficiency seemed to play a significant role for the outcome of the process. The conclusion suggests that a more fair and valid assessment of the participant’s prior learning could be accomplished by focusing on RPL as a process of mutual understanding. However, a critical appraisal of the process suggests that RPL for accreditation is problematic and could be seen as a colonisation of the lifeworld.     

Promoting intercultural understanding and reducing stereotypes: incorporating the cultural portfolio project into Taiwan's EFL college classes

Learning about foreign language (FL) cultures is becoming an important objective in the FL curricula and national standards of different countries throughout the world. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the cultural portfolio project on: (1) students' concept development in their perceptions of the target language culture and their own; (2) students' evaluation of stereotypes towards English‐speaking cultures; and (3) students' self‐awareness and perception of EFL (English as a foreign language) and cultural learning process. Data were collected from students' cultural portfolio projects, classroom observation, and interviews. Results indicate that through the cultural portfolio project, students engaged in active learning, gained insight into specific aspects of the target language cultures and became more aware of the diversity within these cultures, and developed their ability to think critically instead of automatically accepting cultural information.     

现代汉语"名词+名词"歧义格式及其理解因素

现代汉语中名词+名词结构是一个具有潜在歧义的抽象格式,从歧义产生的原因上看,该歧义格式有词汇歧义、语法组合歧义和语义组合歧义三类,该歧义结构的意义优先理解与名词的依附性、名词的语义特征、常规语义组配、词序、象似性、使用频率和背景知识等因素有关。     

对当前中国“三农”问题的几点认识

中国农业的基础性地位及其所处的从传统农业向现代农业转化的发展阶段和产业化内容决定了农村改革的主体、地权制度和乡村管理制度,也同时决定了中国现代农业的道路选择。     

基于学生理解情况研究的浮力教学设计

以问卷调查的形式对当前中学生课前对“浮力”理解情况进行调查。通过调查和研究得到以下结论：初中生认为影响浮力大小的因素中,体积、重量、深度、受力面积、质量、摆放方式所占的比例比较大。据此对“浮力”这一章节的教学设计提出建议。     

智能检索环境下的索引编制

阐述了智能检索的实质,分析了智能检索环境下编制索引遇到的障碍,探讨了实现智能检索在编制索引方面应当采取的技术,包括文档预处理技术、元数据和RDF、语义网技术和机器学习。并且举例分析了这些技术的实现问题,同时说明了索引编制的整个过程。     

How medical practice evolves: Learning to treat failing hearts with an implantable device

In this article we propose that medical practice evolves as a result of progress along three different pathways: improvement in the ability to develop effective medical technologies, learning in medical practice, and advances in biomedical scientific understanding of disease. The relative importance of these three pathways varies from case to case, and often they interact strongly. More specifically, we argue here that in cases of therapeutic innovation where a new medical technology is involved the advance in medical practice is driven largely by the ability to develop and use effective medical artifacts and the interactive sequence among these interdependent pathways often starts with what is learned in practice and not in science. While we state this argument in general, we develop it in detail in a longitudinal and contextual case study of the emergence and evolution of a treatment for advanced heart failure based on an implantable device, the Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). Our findings show that an essential aspect of the evolution of the LVAD therapy is collective and cumulative learning that requires experience that only can be gained through the actual use of LVADs. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications that follow from our understanding of how medical practice evolves for research on the evolution of medical practices and new medical technologies, and policies about the evaluation of rapidly moving medical practices and clinical research involved in their advancement.     

班主任生活中的几个案例及解决方法

班主任工作是个复杂的工作,千头万绪,但是要想成为一个优秀的班主任最起码的一条就是要了解学生。本文笔者通过自己亲身经历的四个案例来剖析如何做到了解学生。