基于核心素养的单元教学设计研究

基于核心素养的单元教学设计是以整体思维为指导,以提升学生核心素养为出发点,以教师和学生合作设计为主要形式,打破学科界限,将教材内容和学生的生活经验进行重组和优化的动态教学设计。其有利于克服当前教学设计的学生缺席性、目标形式性、内容零碎性、流程模式性等问题,具体操作步骤为:了解教学目标、分析学习需要、剖析学习者特征、设计学习任务、创设学习情境、配备学习资源、设计自主学习策略、组织课堂管理、评价与反思教学。     

轴控制器在大型流动演出中的应用--以庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会为例

介绍轴控制器在庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会中的应用,对应用中的关键技术和难点进行分析和说明。     

基于"泡沫论"的上海房地产实证分析

基于当前上海市房地产市场的发展形势,在运用指标法和单位根法的基础上,对上海市的房地产市场的相关指数进行测度,从实证的角度进行检验,指出上海房地产市场处于相对缓和的状态。     

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.     

物理核心素养评价与学业质量检测的研究

物理是初中阶段的重要课程,也是学生对世界进行基本科学认知的引导课程.在学生系统学习了近两年的物理后,学校和教师应对学生进行物理核心素养评价和学业质量检测.在物理核心素质评价与学业质量检测中,只有从物理观念、科学探究、科学思维、科学态度与责任入手,才能让评价与检测全面、丰富和多元.     

试论我国体育第三方职业裁判机构的建立

运用逻辑分析法和归纳法对我国体育第三方职业裁判机构的内涵和法律性质进行了界定,并从法律角度对体育第三方职业裁判机构属于法人制民办非企业单位这一机构属性进行了探究;同时采用文献资料法对英、美、日等国的体育第三方职业裁判机构的发展现状进行研究,提出我国体育竞赛亟待建立第三方职业裁判机构的必要性;最后从外部宏观设置和内部微观设置两个方面对第三方裁判机构设置提出了一些建议,并与当前我国裁判机构设置做了比较。     

基于GIS的横断山区地形起伏度与人口和经济的关系

地形起伏度是影响山区人口分布和经济发展的关键因素。以横断山区大尺度ASTER GDEM为数据源,基于GIS的窗口递增分析原理,采用均值变点法科学分析平均地形起伏度的最佳统计面积并对其进行分级和相关性分析,得出实验区最佳分析窗口面积为0。202 5 km²,省域之间地形起伏度差异明显,省内差异不明显,相关性较高。同时,采用空间分析技术、统计学方法以及PCA排序法,分析地形起伏度与人口、经济的关系。研究结果表明：随着地形起伏度的增大,人口密度逐渐降低,当达到3。7以后人口密度趋于一个固定值;地形起伏度与第三产业占GDP比重的负相关性最大,与城镇化率的负相关性较小,与人均GDP的负相关性最小。     

On the Performance of Semi- and Nonparametric Item Response Functions in Computer Adaptive Tests

Large-scale assessments often use a computer adaptive test (CAT) for selection of items and for scoring respondents. Such tests often assume a parametric form for the relationship between item responses and the underlying construct. Although semi- and nonparametric response functions could be used, there is scant research on their performance in a CAT. In this work, we compare parametric response functions versus those estimated using kernel smoothing and a logistic function of a monotonic polynomial. Monotonic polynomial items can be used with traditional CAT item selection algorithms that use analytical derivatives. We compared these approaches in CAT simulations with a variety of item selection algorithms. Our simulations also varied the features of the calibration and item pool: sample size, the presence of missing data, and the percentage of nonstandard items. In general, the results support the use of semi- and nonparametric item response functions in a CAT.     

对《食品理化检验》实验教学改革的几点思考

《食品理化检验》是食品科学与工程专业一门实验性和应用性很强的专业基础课。但目前的实验教学中存在很多问题,如实验内容孤立、学生缺乏实际操作训练、样品分析中只重视测定环节等。为此,提出了进行教学改革的几点思考:让学生参与实验设计,充分发挥学生的主动性和创造性;让学生参与实验前期准备工作,有利于加强学生基本操作技能的训练;让学生自己进行样品制备,加强学生在样品的采集、制备与预处理、样品的保存等方面能力的训练;重视实验数据处理和实验报告的撰写。     

汽车变速器CAE仿真与试验分析

变速器作为汽车动力总成系统的关键部件,其功能的可靠、耐久的长短等性能直接影响到汽车的整体功能。CAE仿真与试验是变速箱性能验证的重要手段,通过结合设计阶段的CAE仿真与样件阶段的试验验证进行对比研究,能够使变速器在量产前完善设计,减少试验的样本量,从而实现缩短变速器设计周期和降低成本的目的。