The multi-stage fitness test as a predictor of endurance fitness in wheelchair athletes

Abstract

The aims of this study were two-fold: (1) to consider the criterion-related validity of the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) by comparing the predicted maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) and distance travelled with peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2peak) measured using a wheelchair ergometer (n = 24); and (2) to assess the reliability of the MSFT in a sub-sample of wheelchair athletes (n = 10) measured on two occasions. Twenty-four trained male wheelchair basketball players (mean age 29 years, s = 6) took part in the study. All participants performed a continuous incremental wheelchair ergometer test to volitional exhaustion to determine [Vdot]O_2peak, and the MSFT on an indoor wooden basketball court. Mean ergometer [Vdot]O_2peak was 2.66 litres · min^?1 (s = 0.49) and peak heart rate was 188 beats · min^?1 (s = 10). The group mean MSFT distance travelled was 2056 m (s = 272) and mean peak heart rate was 186 beats · min^?1 (s = 11). Low to moderate correlations (ρ = 0.39 to 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?0.02 to 0.69 and 0.23 to 0.80) were found between distance travelled in the MSFT and different expressions of wheelchair ergometer [Vdot]O_2peak. There was a mean bias of ?1.9 beats · min^?1 (95% CI: ?5.9 to 2.0) and standard error of measurement of 6.6 beats · min^?1 (95% CI: 5.4 to 8.8) between the ergometer and MSFT peak heart rates. A similar comparison of ergometer and predicted MSFT [Vdot]O_2peak values revealed a large mean systematic bias of 15.3 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (95% CI: 13.2 to 17.4) and standard error of measurement of 3.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (95% CI: 2.8 to 4.6). Small standard errors of measurement for MSFT distance travelled (86 m; 95% CI: 59 to 157) and MSFT peak heart rate (2.4 beats · min^?1; 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.5) suggest that these variables can be measured reliably. The results suggest that the multi-stage fitness test provides reliable data with this population, but does not fully reflect the aerobic capacity of wheelchair athletes directly.     

Conative Feedback in Computer-Based Assessment

Feedback is an important educational tool that can support learning and assessment. This article describes types of conative feedback that can support the student's conation, will, volition, or motivation. Any of these types of feedback can be presented to the student before, during, or after an educational activity or a test question. Experimental results found higher student scores using conative feedback during computer-based assessment than without feedback.     

多分支平面印刷天线的设计

设计了一种多分支平面印刷天线,采用微带线馈电方式,其中微带线设计成T形,与辐射单元匹配.辐射单元由3个L形的金属面结构构成,其分别工作在2.4 GHz、3.5 GHz和5.4 GHz,可应用于无线局域网（WLAN）和全球微波互联接（WiMAX）系统.通过电磁仿真软件HFSS对这种天线进行设计,在WLAN应用频段上10 dB阻抗带宽分别为1 GHz （4.9～5.9 GHz）和310 MHz （2.24～2.55 GHz）;在WiMAX应用频段上10 dB阻抗带宽380 MHz （3.3～3.68 GHz）.实测结果表明,这种天线具有良好的远场辐射特性,其增益在2.5～4.7 dBi之间.     

The impact of immediate test score reporting on university students' achievement emotions in the context of computer-based multiple-choice exams

Test-taking is an emotion-laden event for many students. Typically, negative emotions are highest at the start of an examination and are replaced by positive emotions as the exam progresses. The impact of computer-based testing and immediate score reporting on students' emotions has not been examined. In Study 1, we evaluated university students’ emotions at the end of a computer-based exam and found positive emotions more strongly endorsed than negative. In Study 2, we replicated this finding and used a quasi-experimental pre-post design to examine how emotions changed in response to real examination scores. Exam scores presented immediately had significant positive effects on relief, pride, and hope and negative effects on anxiety and shame even after controlling for the corresponding emotion at the end of the exam. The one exception was anger, which was not impacted by examination score. No interaction effects were found.     

Capturing Every Patron Interaction: The Move from Paper Statistics to an Electronic System to Track the Whole Library

Reference departments track patron interactions to illustrate the type and number of services provided as well as to tailor librarians’ time and expertise to the interest and needs of their patrons. Until 2010 the Reference, Education, and Community Engagement Department at the Calder Memorial Library tracked statistics using a complicated system of paper tic sheets and two Excel? spreadsheets. After considering different electronic systems, the department decided to employ an electronic form created with SurveyMonkey? to track patron interactions. After the system had been in place for three months, the authors administered a satisfaction and use survey to collect faculty and staff feedback on the new system. Seven months later the authors undertook usability testing to collect further evaluative data on the electronic form. The patron interaction form continues to be used to collect statistics, provide data for annual reviews, and recognize the contributions of all faculty and staff at the library.     

质性知识构造与量化知识分析综论:兼论学术对标法理论基础

文章在简要综述知识基因、知识单元、知识表示和知识图谱的基础上,探讨知识的质性构造和量化分析基础,指出知识具有表型(外型)、构型(内型)和量型(量值)三型特征。用逻辑分析法从现象到本质揭示知识表型特征,包括语言文字型、公式符号型和图表图谱型;知识构型可用学科类别和特征概念标识;知识量型可基于数据或信息计算知识量。进一步提出用知识花图式和知识花程式展示质性知识构造与量化知识分析。由知识三型特征引出知识变换三假设以及学术评价对标法;揭示质性知识构造适合解析静态知识特征,量化知识分析可延伸处理动态知识演化。质性知识构造与量化知识分析同时适用于剖析知识客体和知识主体,并独具学术评价应用价值。倡导通过知识分析创新图书情报学,同时也通过图书情报学促进知识之花盛开。     

Fake news,fake truth: A new purpose for public schooling

The world is adversely affected by the plethora of easily available fake and misleading information. Public schools are established to help generate responsible citizens.Public schools may have a role to play in addressing the fake news, fake truth problem.     

我国工业化水平与环境污染关系的实证研究——基于边限协整检验的视角

以1982～2008年的年度数据为样本,使用自回归分布滞后-误差修正模型(ARDL-ECM),并运用边限检验的方法对我国工业化水平和环境污染间长期和短期关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:只有二氧化硫、工业废气和工业烟尘与我国的工业化水平间存在长期稳定的关系,且我国的工业化水平对不同污染物排放的长短期影响也不相同。     

基于用户-服务器环境的中间件技术比较和测试

分布式计算系统旨在借助对分散在网络上的计算资源的整合来解决大量计算问题。对基于不同的性能指标,选择最有效的分布式对象中间件技术是一项重要的研究课题。本文在额外开销和往返延迟等方面对CORBA、ICE、HORB和基于TCP的Dot NET Remoting这几种分布式计算对象中间件技术做了性能评价和实验测试。结果表明,ICE额外开销的产生较低,而相比于其他中间件,HORB往返延迟较小。     

航空发动机参数采集系统的设计与研究

在对国内外现役飞机电子座舱显示系统研究的基础上,设计了一种DSP+FPGA结构的数据采集系统。能够采集航空发动机的各项参数,并且可应用于具有数字多功能显示器的新型电子座舱系统。系统有效的实现了各种信号的采集以及对频率信号的滤波。