战国秦汉时期的里社与私社

近年来长江流域出土的简牍材料表明,战国秦汉时期南方楚地存在着很多里。里皆有其社,社主又有“地主”、“侯土”等异名。围绕着里社的巫术活动十分盛行。从战国至汉代,里、社合一之制基本得到沿续,然而里、社分离的历史趋势已明显存在。西汉晚期,民间百姓在里社(官社)之外另立私社。东汉初年的《序宁祷券》证明了此种私社的存在,西汉中期邗江汉墓的《神灵名位牍》和秦朝末年的周家台秦简《日书》中关于私社的内容,比文献中唯一一条材料(见《汉书.五行志》)要分别提前36年和177年。     

关于Kelly问题的一个注记

利用欧氏空间向量内积的性质，对于文[1]中Kelly问题的Wolliam Kruskal猜想证明了m(d，d r)≥√d 3r，并给出了m(2，5)与m(2，6)的最小值．     

固定资产投资与国内生产总值的误差修正模型研究

运用协整理论和误差修正模型研究固定资产投资和国内生产总值之间的关系，可以发现它们之间存在长期均衡的协整关系，使用误差修正模型比普通的单变量方程更能反映两者长期和短期的关系，还可以避免谬误回归问题。     

Assessment of three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper limb during simulated swimming using wearable inertial-magnetic measurement units

The analysis of the joint kinematics during swimming plays a fundamental role both in sports conditioning and in clinical contexts. Contrary to the traditional video analysis, wearable inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) allow to analyse both the underwater and aerial phases of the swimming stroke over the whole length of the swimming pool. Furthermore, the rapid calibration and short data processing required by IMMUs provide coaches and athletes with an immediate feedback on swimming kinematics during training. This study aimed to develop a protocol to assess the three-dimensional kinematics of the upper limbs during swimming using IMMUs. Kinematics were evaluated during simulated dry-land swimming trials performed in the laboratory by eight swimmers. A stereo-photogrammetric system was used as the gold standard. The results showed high coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values, with median (first–third quartile) of 0.97 (0.93–0.95) and 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for simulated front-crawl and breaststroke, respectively. Furthermore, the joint angles were estimated with an accuracy increasing from distal to proximal joints, with wrist indices showing median CMC values always higher than 0.90. The present findings represent an important step towards the practical use of technology based on IMMUs for the kinematic analysis of swimming in applied contexts.     

Predictive value of ventilatory inflection points determined under field conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive potential provided by two ventilatory inflection points (VIP₁ and VIP₂) examined in field without using gas analysis systems and uncomfortable facemasks. A calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) and a computerised routine were utilised, respectively, to derive ventilation and to detect VIP₁ and VIP₂ during a standardised field ramp test on a 400 m running track on 81 participants. In addition, average running speed of a competitive 1000 m run (S_1k) was observed as criterion. The predictive value of running speed at VIP₁ (S_VIP1) and the speed range between VIP₁ and VIP₂ in relation to VIP₂ (VIP_SPAN) was analysed via regression analysis. VIP_SPAN rather than running speed at VIP₂ (S_VIP2) was operationalised as a predictor to consider the covariance between S_VIP1 and S_VIP2. S_VIP1 and VIP_SPAN, respectively, provided 58.9% and 22.9% of explained variance in regard to S_1k. Considering covariance, the timing of two ventilatory inflection points provides predictive value in regard to a competitive 1000 m run. This is the first study to apply computerised detection of ventilatory inflection points in a field setting independent on measurements of the respiratory gas exchange and without using any facemasks.     

一种自适应蚁群算法及其应用

蚁群算法是一种具有许多优良特性的新型算法,该算法具有较强的发现较好解的能力,但同时也存在容易出现停滞现象,收敛速度慢等缺点。在介绍基本蚁群算法的基础上,针对蚁群算法的不足,提出了一种自适应蚁群算法。该算法对蚁群算法中的信息素在更新过程中进行自适应调整。实验结果表明,该算法比传统的蚁群算法具有更好的搜索全局最优解的能力,并具有更好的收敛性。     

从教学条件看信息技术教育的发展

通过对浙江省嘉兴、湖州两个地区部分中学的抽样调查,从教材和课时、教学设备、师资力量等多个方面分析我国中小学信息技术教育的现状.在分析过程中,除一般的对比说明外,还运用了Excel数理分析中的假设检验,对该学科在教学条件方面存在的问题做进一步揭示,并提出一些可行性建议.     

制冷机组的能量调节策略分析

冷冻站设备中制冷机组的电耗是影响制冷效率高低的重要因素，提高制冷机组的制冷效率是节能的关键环节。根据制冷机组的运行特性，可以通过制冷机组的台数控制达到节能的目的。而提高温度传感器和流量传感器的测量精度，对冷冻水温进行再设控制是群控的两种重要策略。     

学科活动·单元主题活动·方案教学

在幼儿园教育改革过程中,许多幼儿园疲于追赶时代潮流,从学科活动到单元主题活动,再到热极一时的方案教学,变到最后却发现教育质量并没有得到多少提高.其中的症结是什么?本文在分析了学科活动、单元主题活动和方案教学的基础上,指出三者之间不再是泾渭分明,而是处于一种边缘状态,正在逐渐走向融合.幼儿园教育改革的核心不是表面的教育活动形式选择,而是教师教育观念的深层变革.     

外语测试的形成性评价观

外语测试经历了以语码为纲和以结构为纲的两个时期。现行的外语测试则遵循“以信息为纲”的指导思想。语言测试的结果应能反映学生的语言运用能力，而学生的能力反馈又可常常作为教师的教学反思依据。本文旨在以形成性评价现分析外语测试与评价的一致性和外语测试的多功用性。