The validity and reliability of a novel indoor player tracking system for use within wheelchair court sports

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity and reliability of a radio frequency-based system for accurately tracking athlete movement within wheelchair court sports. Four wheelchair-specific tests were devised to assess the system during (i) static measurements; (ii) incremental fixed speeds; (iii) peak speeds; and (iv) multidirectional movements. During each test, three sampling frequencies (4, 8 and 16 Hz) were compared to a criterion method for distance, mean and peak speeds. Absolute static error remained between 0.19 and 0.32 m across the session. Distance values (test (ii)) showed greatest relative error in 4 Hz tags (1.3%), with significantly lower errors seen in higher frequency tags (<1.0%). Relative peak speed errors of <2.0% (test (iii)) were revealed across all sampling frequencies in relation to the criterion (4.00 ± 0.09 m · sˉ¹). Results showed 8 and 16 Hz sampling frequencies displayed the closest-to-criterion values, whilst intra-tag reliability never exceeded 2.0% coefficient of variation (% CV) during peak speed detection. Minimal relative distance errors (<0.2%) were also seen across sampling frequencies (test (iv)). To conclude, the indoor tracking system is deemed an acceptable tool for tracking wheelchair court match play using a tag frequency of 8 or 16 Hz.     

构建应用型软件测试人才培养实践教学体系

实践教学是培养创新精神和实践能力的重要途径.实践教学已经成为当前高校培养应用型人才的重要方式.在分析软件测试人才需求现状的基础上,针对软件测试人才培养目标,深入研究软件测试实践教学体系的构建,其中重点阐述构建软件测试实践教学体系的定位与规划,探讨软件测试实践教学体系构建的内容以及软件测试实践教学体系的保障措施.     

Focus Groups and Usability Testing in Redesigning an Academic Library's Web Site

ABSTRACT

As the World Wide Web has advanced since its inception, librarians have endeavored to keep pace with this progress in the design of their library Web pages. User recommendations collected from focus groups and usability testing have indicated that the University of Scranton's Weinberg Memorial Library's Web site was not working as intended, and the library's home page, in particular, was cluttered. Focus groups indicated that the process of accessing the library's databases from off-campus took too many steps, key resources were not located in key areas of the page, links were too close together, and the font was too small. Library staff determined it was necessary to rethink and redesign its pages. Self-reports from focus groups were insufficient to get at the mechanics of Web page use. Through usability testing, librarians were able to observe students and faculty completing simple research and directional tasks. Before “going live” with the new page in January 2007, users who had participated in the focus groups and in the usability testing were surveyed about the redesigned library Web page. The users indicated that the new Web page was less confusing, easier to use, and somewhat more intuitive than the previous library Web page. Web sites are always works in progress, and academic librarians should be proactive about making changes to their library Web sites to take advantage of emerging technology and to meet user expectations.     

知识活动中的知识单元与知识计量研究

人类社会的知识活动根据其特征可以分为知识创造活动、知识管理活动和知识利用活动三类。知识计量贯穿知识活动全过程,但知识创造、知识管理和知识利用过程中对知识进行计量采用的知识单元不同。知识单元的构建是突破知识计量研究瓶颈的关键。参考文献16。     

嵌入式软件的可信测试技术分析与设计

嵌入式应用领域的不断拓展,嵌入式系统的安全性和可信性越发重要,如何设计和测试一个可信的嵌入式系统是现在和未来研究的重点,尤其是嵌入式软件的可信测试技术与方法的研究。在分析软件运行剖面的基础上,依据分支路径和MM-路径测试技术,研究基于嵌入式系统的可信软件测试方法,提出一种代码覆盖和集成测试技术,用于结构覆盖测试和程序复杂度分析,指导可信软件代码设计和测试用例设计,提高软件测试效率和加速错误定位。     

集体球类项目运动员反复冲刺能力的能量代谢机制的研究现状

对于集体球类项目(篮球、足球、橄榄球、手球等)来讲,运动员为了有效地完成比赛的技战术要求,取得竞争优势,必须在场上进行反复的高强度冲刺活动,所以反复冲刺的能力(Repeated-sprint ability:RSA)对运动员的竞技表现是至关重要的。本文旨在通过对国内外集体球类项目运动员反复冲刺能力的研究成果进行梳理分析,总结归纳出反复冲刺能力的能量代谢基础、测试方法及影响因素,以期能对我国竞技水平普遍不高的集体球类运动项目的科学化训练提供理论指导。     

基于GIS产品的软件测试方法研究

随着信息技术的飞速发展,GIS软件产品已广泛应用于与地理坐标相关的几乎所有领域,软件的规模和复杂度都有很大的提高。因此,提高软件质量及可靠性已成为当前软件工程领域的重要任务。软件测试是保障软件质量的有效手段,面向对象软件测试是面向对象软件开发的不可缺少的一环。笔者从面向对象程序的特点出发,描述如何对GIS软件的分析和设计模型进行测试,强调将软件测试思想融合到软件开发的各个阶段。     

运化三元能量程度不同者的智力比较研究

为了探索元极学在实际中的应用,采用智力测验方法,对学习元极学的深浅程度不同者进行了测试和研究,结果表明,学习元极学对开发智力的某些方面如记忆、动作协调、注意分配等有一定作用,学习的程度越深,对智力的开发越大。     

保送生制度的变迁与改革

保送生制度自执行之日起,每年都为高校输送了拔尖人才,但因其中介入的人为因素较多,也饱受舆论轰击,随着高考"阳光工程"的建设,保送生制度在阳光的照耀下将再次焕发出蓬勃生机。