An international comparison using a diagnostic testing model: Turkish students’ profile of mathematical skills on TIMSS-R

This study illustrates how a diagnostic testing model can be used to make detailed comparisons between student populations participating in international assessments. The performance of Turkish students on the TIMSS-R mathematics test was reanalyzed with a diagnostic testing model called the Rule Space Model. First, mathematical and cognitive skills (‘attributes’) measured by the test were determined. One hundred sixty-two items were coded in terms of their attribute involvement, creating an incidence matrix—the Q-matrix. Using the Q-matrix and the student response data, each student’s attribute mastery profile was determined. Mean attribute mastery levels of Turkish students were computed and compared to those of their American peers. It was shown that Turkish students were weak in algebra and probability/statistics. They also demonstrated poor profiles in skills such as applying rules in algebra, approximation/estimation, solving open-ended problems, recognizing patterns and relationships, and quantitative reading.

英语语言测试的批判理论分析

本文根据批判理论的观点对英语测试,特别是美国TOEFL和英国IELTS进行了历史回顾和现状分析,结果表明:影响英语测试的因素除语言学、语言教学和语言测试理论外,也受到社会政治和经济因素的制约。国外外语测试都是在一定的历史背景下发展起来的,都有其特定的历史条件和社会需求。     

从语言测试学角度分析CET写作能力实质

在目前广大师生对于大学英语作文部分的要求和评分体系缺乏清楚认识的前提下,本文从语言测试学的角度展示CET作文的基本要求和大学英语写作能力的实质及构成要素,对于大学英语写作教学尤其是作文的整体质量的提高有积极的推动作用。     

偏心螺旋传动试验台的研制及应用

偏心螺旋传动试验台是一种新型的螺旋传动试验台,有其独特的传动原理、结构、试验方法及其应用。     

剩余数制在加法运算器设计中的应用

加法运算器是计算机芯片设计中最基本的单元之一，二进制普遍应用于计算机算术运算，该文分析了剩余数制构造原理，论证了在加法运算器设计中用剩余数制取代二进制的可行性及优点与出现的问题。     

高职院校毕业生就业网站的设计与开发

高职院校毕业生就业网站的设计与开发应本着功能性、技术性、交互性、人性化的原则,借助Internet的无限扩展性,发挥互联网络自身的高科技优势,形成一个交互式的信息平台。     

从用人单位和学生需求角度开发课程——"宽基础、活模块"课程模式再论之五

对从业者素质要求分析着力于用人单位的特殊要求,从即将进入的岗位需求出发决定学生应该"精什么"。根据学生自我发展需求和原有基础,决定"学什么"。受教育者需求和特点分析是确定课程起点、调整课程目标、筛选和组织课程内容的重要依据。课程开发者需要先进理念支撑的人才观,才能开发出适合学生发展、符合培养目标要求的课程。     

有机化学实验考核方法的改革和探索

通过对传统有机化学实验考核方法弊端的分析,阐述了改革传统考核方法的必要性,建立了新的考核方法,设计了有机化学实验考核评估指标体系,并将评估指标转化为可操作的教学行为,促进了教与学,做到了全方位、客观地评价学生的实验课成绩。     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

高职院校院、系设置研究

高职教育是高教新类,其专业设置的起点是文化体系的分类,具体到高职院校的应用,首先是院、系设置,因为它涉及分类问题。普通高教是知识文化体系,按学科分类,按学科不同层次设置院、系;高职教育是技术文化体系,只能按产业、行业和部门设置院、系。对社会产业、行业、部门和职业的分类有很多种,可供我们借鉴的有《国家职业分类标准(代码)》和《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》,虽然不能直接引用,但可以按它的行业大类作为高职教育的总分类,再依行业、部门实际,以及教学需要逐层分解下去,给高职教育院、系设置提供依据,也为高职教育专业设置提供理论支持。本文依据这一逻辑思路,研究出我国高职教育的行业大、中、小类分类目录,以及适用于高校院系设置的管理学理论。并试以黄冈职业技术学院为例,对该院的系、部设置,提出了一套调整方案。