Universal Access in Developing Countries: A Particular Focus on Bangladesh

The concept of universal access, which originated in the United States, is now part of the telecommunications policy frameworks of many developing countries. This article uses the case of Bangladesh as a vehicle for examining the transferability of the universal service concept to developing countries. The analysis suggests that liberalization and privatization of the telecommunications sector policies pushed by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and other international agencies, will not by themselves create universal access in countries with rudimentary urban-centric networks. The policymakers need to incorporate build-out obligations when licensing operators and also develop cross-subsidy mechanisms even though they are now out of fashion in the industrialized world.     

Dual market structures and the likelihood of repeated ties - evidence from pharmaceutical biotechnology

This paper analyses the role of repeated ties in the high-tech pharmaceutical biotechnology industry, a sector that is characterized by a strong dual market structure. Our most important finding is that previous ties in pairs of large pharmaceutical companies and small biotechnology firms have a negative effect on their subsequent partnering. An explanation for this result is found in the context of understanding the specifics of large-small coalitions in a high-tech dual market structure. Unlike what is known about repeated ties in many other industries, this high-tech dual market structure indicates that R&D partnerships between a small number of very large companies and a large group of dependent, small firms are not characterized by mutual dependence, similarity, or equality.     

以人的全面发展为目标，推动本科教育改革——在通识教育引领下，对贵阳学院创设基础学院的思考

在通识教育引领下,贵阳学院“以人的全面发展为目标,推动本科教育改革的思路是:1.把握好人才培养模式的几个原则;2.构建实施以“科际整合”为导向的“1 3”通识教育的人才培养模式;3.创设新的基础学院的理念与功能;4.加强通识教育课程的基本建设;5.加强通识课程教学管理,建立科学的课程评估机制。     

土家族作家田永红小说创作简论

作为乌江流域的土家族作家,田永红无疑在当代贵州少数民族文学发展史上是占有一席之位的。他的"乌江系列小说"具有鲜明的地域和民族色彩。从三个方面对此特征进行了解读与阐发:首先,通过对乌江画卷的绘制和乌江风情的诠释,田永红成功书写与建构了"乌江地域寓言";其次,他在小说中对土家民族的民族精神、心理特质进行了充分地征显与展示;再次,在创作视野上,田永红能兼收并蓄,在取材和小说语言上"守成",但他也有"开放"的视野与"求变"的意识,对乡土的"现代变化"有清醒地认识,对现代叙事艺术能兼收并蓄。     

墨子“兼爱”思想浅析

"兼爱"是墨子所提出的十大主张中最具代表性的命题,亦是其理论体系的核心所在。该思想集中体现了墨子在解决社会矛盾问题方面的根本态度与基本方法,反映了中下层人民群众的迫切要求,在我国思想发展史上无疑占有重要地位。不过,也必须意识到由于时代和阶级的局限,墨子的这一主张在具有极大思想价值的同时也存在着明显的理论缺陷,因此,并不适用于社会实践。     

大学法语四级与CEFR的等级标准关系研究

为适应新形势下的中外校际交流合作办学的要求,法语教学的内容和形式既要迎合赴法学生对欧洲语言共同参考框架的标准,又要满足国内学生对大学法语四级考试的需求。从设定标准的角度分析二者的等级对应关系,从B2标准等级序列中,在常规法语教学中协调他们之间的考级差异。     

浅谈中间语音系系统的发展和特点--香港英语学习者词尾塞音发音案例研究

本文旨在通过语音实验,研究中间语音系系统的形成,包括母语与目的语、母语迁移以及标志性差异在中间语的形成和发展过程中扮演的角色。实验研究六名母语为粤语的调查对象在讲英语过程中对单词词尾塞音的发音情况,以他们的英语水平分为高级组和初级组,并要求他们在规定时间内朗读含有目标词汇的文章。结果显示,高级组在词尾清塞音和浊塞音发音上都明显较初级组好,说明了学习者的英语水平高低与其词尾塞音发音情况成正比;母语（尤其母语迁移）与目的语共同作用影响中间语的发展;同时,对某些音系结构的共性偏好也加强了中间语的音系结构偏好。     

Universal design for learning in anatomy education of healthcare students: A scoping review

There are concerns among healthcare practitioners about poor anatomical knowledge among recent healthcare graduates. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework developed to enhance students' experience of learning and help students to become motivated learners. This scoping review identified whether UDL has been utilized in third level healthcare education and if so, whether it had been used to enhance student motivation to study anatomy. Seven online databases were searched for studies reporting the use of UDL in the curricula of medical, dental, occupational therapy (OT) or speech and language therapy (SLT) programs. Studies were screened for eligibility with set inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed. Analysis revealed that UDL was not specifically mentioned in any of the studies thus there are no published studies on UDL being formally applied in healthcare education. However, the authors identified 33 publications that described teaching methods which aligned with UDL in anatomy curricula and a thematic analysis yielded four main themes relating to teaching strategies being employed. Universal design for learning was not mentioned specifically, indicating that educators may not be aware of the educational framework, although they appeared to be utilizing aspects of it in their teaching. The review revealed that there is a lack of research concerning the anatomy education of OT and SLT students. The role of UDL in enhancing motivation to learn anatomy in medical, dental, OT and SLT programs has yet to be explored.     

基于ASP+SQL SERVER技术的高校课程水平测试系统研究

依据专业人才培养质量标准和课程严格考核的需要,采用ASP和SQL SERVER技术,分析和设计高校通用的专业主干课程水平测试系统,研究组卷、答案保存、IP访问控制、试卷自动判分等算法,实现课程水平测试系统的关键技术.     

通用领域中文评论的意见挖掘研究

相对于传统的产品领域意见挖掘研究,文章对中文通用领域的意见挖掘各部分内容进行了尝试性研究。利用基于多种语言特征和候选评价对象的条件随机场模型进行观点表达抽取,对有窗口限制的最近邻方法进行改进,提出一种评价对象—观点表达对的匹配算法,其对评价对象抽取效果也进行了进一步的修正。