The law of one price,noise and “irrational exuberance”: the auction market for Picasso prints

We use prices realized for Picasso prints at auctions worldwide, as well as the 100 prints that comprise his Vollard Suite, to test the law of one price: the proposition that identical art objects sold contemporaneously should command the same price regardless of the auction house or geographic region where the sale takes place. Picasso is the most prolific printmaker of the twentieth century and, from 1977 to 2004, his prints appreciated in price significantly faster than the prints of modern masters as a whole. We find that Picasso prints sold in the United States command higher prices than in Europe. However, prices realized at Sotheby’s in New York are no longer higher than at Christie’s in New York, nor at Kornfeld than at other auction houses. We find evidence of “irrational exuberance” in the transitory nature of the extraordinary prices realized for the Picasso prints included in the 1997 sale of the collection of Victor and Sally Ganz at Christie’s in New York. More generally, we find substantial noise in auction outcomes, a result well known to savvy auction goers.

《荀子》用《诗》特征及诗学意义

在《荀子》一书中,引用《诗经》有83处。除大量引《诗》外,还有一些论《诗》的内容,这都明确地反映了荀子的一些诗学观念。荀子既谈其内容和旨意,又将其统摄在圣人之道之下,视之为道的载体,指导人们修身、从政,很大程度地将《诗》道德伦理化和政治化了,为汉兴以来《诗》的经学化奠定了基础。     

清末直隶师范学校的传统文化教育

清末直隶师范学校在教育理念、课程设置、教师的文化素养、教育环境以及各种制度上都特别重视传统文化。在教育理念上,注重弘扬传统文化;在课程上,增设修身课、经典研习课,加大文史类课的比重,增开礼仪教育课;在教师方面,增强师范学校教师的传统文化素养;在校园环境方面,加强师范学校的人文环境建设;在教育实习上,强调知行合一,在实践中传承传统文化的精华。     

当代大学生的性现状研究

面对当前大学生呈现的各种性问题,可从生理、心理和社会等多个角度进行研究,从中揭示性的伦理学意义。对于发生在大学生身上的性问题,我们的态度应该是教育和引导,而不是逃避和漠视。     

山西省高校新聘专任教师队伍结构探析

近五年,山西省高校新聘专任教师队伍与以前相比,在性别比例、学历层次、学科比例等方面发生了一些新变化。本文以山西省高校教师岗前培训所获取的第一手统计数据为依据,着重对这些变化及其背后的动因进行阐述和探讨,并结合山西经济社会发展实际,提出了一些建设性的解决方案。     

受贿罪罪数认定问题研究

收受贿赂与实施为他人谋取利益的行为往往紧密联系在一起,而为他人谋取利益行为的实施又往往触犯了刑法规定的其他犯罪。对这种情况,是认定为一罪,还是数罪以及如何处罚,成为司法实践中具有普遍性和疑难性的问题。对这一问题进行研究,无论是对刑法理论的研究,还是对司法实践指导,都具有重大现实的意义。     

从社会调查看民国时期华北地区的人口状况

从李景汉和当时其他学者的调查入手,考察华北地区人口的性别比例和增长类型,从而引出对人地关系的探讨,并且以后者为重点。同时,从人地关系的分析中,还可以得知农民并非是一个愚昧、落后的群体,他们对农业生产、日常生活的安排都是有一定合理性的,在他们的生活中潜藏着一种朴素的智慧。     

Coeducational and single-sex physical education: students’ situational interest in learning tasks centred on technical skills

Background: A student’s choice to engage in a learning task is highly related to the student’s environmental stimuli and his or her perception of interest. From this perspective, the construct of situational interest (SI) has been used to interpret students’ motivation in task engagement. SI is assumed to be transitory, environmentally activated, and context specific. It has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with five dimensions: instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge. Few prior studies have compared SI between girls and boys in physical education (PE) contexts, and these studies have offered contrasting findings. They were conducted in coeducational (coed) or single-sex contexts and used learning tasks centred on a variety of outcomes: technical or tactical skills, creativity and cultural understanding.

Purpose: In the context of the debate on single-sex and coed classes in PE, this study aimed to estimate the effects of single-sex and coed PE classes on students’ situational interest (SI) within learning tasks centred on technical skills. The researchers decided to study learning tasks centred on the development of students’ technical skills, since these tasks are often used by teachers in PE.

Participants: The sample consisted of 177 Swiss secondary school students, aged 11–17 years (M?=?14.07, SD?=?1.41, 96 boys, 81 girls).

Data collection: The students completed the French 15-item SI Scale after practising a technical learning task in single-sex and coed PE contexts. The researchers chose five physical activities (i.e. athletics, basketball, dance, gymnastics, and volleyball), which are commonly taught in the state of Vaud (Switzerland) and provide a balance between masculine and feminine activities.

Data analysis: A two-way repeated-measures MANOVA was performed to examine the main and interaction effects of student sex and class sex composition on the five SI dimensions.

Findings: The results showed a main effect of class sex composition on student SI but no main effect of student sex and no interaction effect of student sex and class sex composition. More precisely, the scores for three SI dimensions (i.e. instant enjoyment, exploration intention, and attention demand) were higher in the coed context than in the single-sex context.

Conclusions: This study encourages teachers to propose coed PE classes to enhance students’ motivation and engagement when practising learning tasks centred on technical skills. This study offers supplementary evidence of the teacher’s role in promoting student SI. Beyond accounting for students’ dispositional factors (e.g. sex), PE teachers can significantly impact students’ SI in technical learning tasks through instructional choices.     

二打一扑克游戏竞技化改革辨析

采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对二打一扑克竞技化改革问题进行研究.指出,二打一扑克契合休闲时代的娱乐特征,具有巨大的商业价值,对项目进行改革是适应经济社会和体育发展的需要,也是现存问题“倒逼”的结果;改革以网络为表现形式,其实质是竞技娱乐一体化;改革有利于满足各方利益需求,推动项目发展,但也可能出现过度商业化、娱乐化、工具化等问题.需要做好顶层设计,协调好相关利益主体的关系,整合资源优势,促进我国棋牌运动的转型发展.     

Changes in kinematics and arm–leg coordination during a 100-m breaststroke swim

The purpose of this study was to compare arm–leg coordination and kinematics during 100 m breaststroke in 26 (8 female; 18 male) specialist breaststroke swimmers. Laps were recorded using three 50-Hz underwater cameras. Heart rate and blood lactate were measured pre- and post-swim. Arm–leg coordination was defined using coordination phases describing continuity between recovery and propulsive phases of upper and lower limbs: coordination phase 1 (time between end of leg kick and start of the arm pull phases); and coordination phase 2 (time between end of arm pull and start of leg kick phases). Duration of stroke phases, coordination phases, swim velocity, stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and stroke index (SI) were analysed during the last three strokes of each lap that were unaffected by turning or finishing. Significant changes in velocity, SI and SL (P < 0.05) were found between laps. Both sexes showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate and blood lactate pre- to post-swim. Males had significantly (P < 0.01) faster swim velocities resulting from longer SLs (P = 0.016) with no difference in SR (P = 0.064). Sex differences in kinematic parameters can be explained by anthropometric differences providing males with increased propelling efficiency.