海南省年降水量的年际变化和特征分析

本文应用主分量分析方法对海南省的年降水量、年降水平均值、标准差和距平百分率进行统计分析结果发现，前5个分量可表示降水总方差的83％，它已反映出年降水场最重要的特征。时间系数和特征向量的组合，将年降水场分为5种类型，并确定了海南省逐年降水量的类型，全省性旱和涝的几率最高，占58％，其次是东南旱西涝，占17％。     

委托代理理论下我国学校体育场地对外开放策略

为解决人民健身需求增长与体育场地资源不足的矛盾,以委托代理理论为理论基础对我国学校体育场地对外开放问题进行研究。认为当前我国学校体育场地对外开放面临管理主体责任划分不明晰、安全保障体系不健全、专业化服务不到位等困境,而委托代理理论可以提供解决思路。在构建学校体育场地对外开放管理模式的基础上,提出开放策略：建立完善的法律体系和有效的协调机制;加强管理,营造安全的健身环境;构建“互联网+”专业服务平台,提供优质服务。旨在为推动我国学校体育场地对外开放和更好地服务于全民健身提供依据。     

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.     

The influence of water depth on kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters during aquatic treadmill walking

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking.     

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.     

基于ArcGIS的多温区冷藏车辆路径优化

为降低冷链物流成本,研究多温共配模式下生鲜农产品冷链配送问题。采用多温区冷藏车,构建考虑运输成本、货损成本、制冷成本的路径优化模型,利用遗传算法对算例进行求解,借助ArcGIS规划最短路径。算例结果显示,与传统配送模式相比,多温共配模式可减少2辆冷藏车的调度,总成本降低34. 1%,实际运输距离缩短54. 1%。多温共配模式可有效解决生鲜农产品配送小批量、多品种、高成本的问题。     

n元二次型特征方程的求法

给出了求n元二次型特征方程的一个重要定理,用代数方法解决了几何问题,并给出几个应用实例。     

等动测力系统对膝关节肌研究的进展

运用文献资料法与数理统计法，对涉及膝关节肌等速测试研究的百余篇论文，从不同收缩状态和不同人群两方面分别进行了综述。研究结果表明：对膝关节特征的研究，多以患者为研究对象，对于正常人群和运动员的研究较少；对同一项目不同技术类型的运动员肌肉性能的比较研究还未见报道，有待研究。     

散打运动员膝关节损伤研究

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法等方法,以广州体育学院散打队队员为研究对象,对武术散打运动中膝关节损伤及其防治的情况进行了研究,发现了导致膝关节损伤产生的原因、损伤的性质、训练年限与损伤的关系和诊断治疗以及预防措施等,并在此基础上提出合理、科学的防治膝关节损伤的方法和建议。以引起教练员和运动员对膝关节损伤及其防治情况的重视,从而减少其发病率,保证我国散打运动健康稳步发展。     

我国青少年女子垒球投手肩关节运动的检测分析

通过应用超声波动力学测量仪和等速仪器分别对8名青少年女子垒球投手和8名普通中学生肩关节内、外旋活动范围、内外旋肌力进行测量,探讨青少年女子垒球投手肩关节旋转运动特征。发现垒球投手优势臂的外旋活动范围明显大于非优势臂;而其优势臂的内旋活动范围则显著小于非优势臂,优势臂的整个旋转活动范围也明显比非优势臂小;对照组的优势臂和非优势臂旋转活动范围差异无显著性,垒球投手肩关节存在。内、外旋肌力不平衡,实验组优势臂外旋／内旋峰力矩比值明显小于非优势臂,实验组优势臂内旋相对峰力矩明显大于非优势臂（p〈0．001）,优势臂外旋峰力矩与非优势臂相比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。