解读《钟形罩》中埃斯特·格林伍德的“理性疯癫”

《钟形罩》是美国自白派女诗人西尔维娅.普拉斯创作的唯一一部长篇小说。长期以来,众多学者用女性主义的视角来解读主人公埃斯特.格林伍德的形象,认为小说记录了埃斯特从自我疏离到疯癫,直至重建真实自我的心路历程。然而埃斯特是否真正疯癫却没有受到应有的关注。文章将从父权社会的压制和女性榜样的缺失两个层面来分析埃斯特精神崩溃的原因,从而揭示她的疯癫只是父权文化给予的标签,并不是其精神状态的真实反映。这种所谓的＂疯癫＂是20世纪50年代觉醒的美国女性对性别政治的反抗形式,是一种充满反叛精神的＂理性疯癫＂。     

Theoretical and methodological implications of associations between executive function and mathematics in early childhood

Despite agreement about the importance of executive function (EF) for children’s early math achievement, its treatment in correlational studies reflects a lack of agreement about the theoretical connection between the two. It remains unclear whether the association between EF and math operates through a latent EF construct or specific EF components. Specifying the correct measurement model has important theoretical implications for the predicted effects of EF interventions on children’s math achievement. In the current study, we tested whether associations between EF and math operate via a latent EF factor, or via specific EF components using data from a large, nationally representative sample. We then replicated these same analyses with a meta-analytic database drawn from ten studies that collected measures of children’s EF and math achievement. Our results lend support to explanations that a single EF factor accounts for most of the EF component-specific associations with math achievement. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of these findings for future work.     

知识建构评价研究

随着知识建构研究的兴起,知识建构的评价研究也将成为其中的一个研究重点。首先讲述知识建构的涵义、特征,在此基础上详细解析知识建构的评价原则,最后对知识建构评价模式进行梳理。     

纵向数据线性混合模型中M估计的渐近正态性

对纵向数据的线性混合模型yk=Xkβ＋Ckτk＋ek用Fisher得分迭代法得到了参数的M估计（稳健估计）,并在一系列的正则条件下,证明了参数M估计的渐近性质．     

企业税务风险管理探析

自2009年5月国家税务总局颁布《大企业税务风险管理指引（试行）》以来,越来越多的企业关注税务风险管理。通过对税务风险的定义和税务风险内外部成因的分析,以增值税为例,探讨企业税务风险的识别及其应对策略,以更好地防控企业税务风险。     

民办本科高校科学发展的新途径研究

在问卷调查的基础上,以郑州科技学院为典型个案进行详细的论证分析,提出民办高校应该以现有的基础为突破口,发挥其特长,走职业教育之路.     

Business models shifts: Impact of Covid-19

No amount of crystal ball gazing may help us fathom the full impact of the Covid-19 (C-19) crisis on business organizations in a distinct manner. Given the lack of precedence, any such analyses seem to demand routine revisions as we progress further up the “number of infected” curve. Most countries of the world have imposed restrictions on social congregations or even people working in close proximity to each other. Industries that produce and deliver information products and services therefore, have continued to function while those that manufacture physical products especially labor-intensive firms were forced to minimize operations or temporarily shut down. However, in most countries, physical products which were essential in nature were reluctantly permitted to be manufactured given the need for them in people’s everyday life. In this viewpoint, I draw upon three dimensions – information intensity of product/service, information intensity of process/value chain; along with a third dimension – essential nature of the product/service to help understand the immediate implications of C-19. I also present some anecdotal evidences of attempts to alter business models in these circumstances in order to address the challenges that certain product characteristics impose but at the same capitalize on the business opportunities presented by the essentiality of the products.     

试析美国研究型大学基层学术组织模式

美国研究型大学基层学术组织是以学科为基础的独立的、自主的学术组织。其组织规模主要根据教学科研任务的需要来决定。其内部管理以教授统治为主,采取的是少数服从多数的决策机制。总结和归纳美国研究型大学基层学术组织的现状与改革动向,对于探讨我国研究型大学未来的改革重点与方向具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Fitting Unstructured Finite Mixture Models in Longitudinal Design: A Recommendation for Model Selection and Estimation of the Number of Classes

In longitudinal design, investigating interindividual differences of intraindividual changes enables researchers to better understand the potential variety of development and growth. Although latent growth curve mixture models have been widely used, unstructured finite mixture models (uFMMs) are also useful as a preliminary tool and are expected to be more robust in identifying classes under the influence of possible model misspecifications, which are very common in actual practice. In this study, large-scale simulations were performed in which various normal uFMMs and nonnormal uFMMs were fit to evaluate their utility and the performance of each model selection procedure for estimating the number of classes in longitudinal designs. Results show that normal uFMMs assuming invariance of variance–covariance structures among classes perform better on average. Among model selection procedures, the Calinski–Harabasz statistic, which has a nonparametric nature, performed better on average than information criteria, including the Bayesian information criterion.     

Key somatic variables in young backstroke swimmers

The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal body size, limb-segment length, girth or breadth ratios for 100-m backstroke mean speed performance in young swimmers. Sixty-three young swimmers (boys [n = 30; age: 13.98 ± 0.58 years]; girls [n = 33; age: 13.02 ± 1.20 years]) participated in this study. To identify the optimal body size and body composition components associated with 100-m backstroke speed performance, we adopted a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 100-m backstroke mean speed performance and the different somatic measurements estimated that biological age, sitting height, leg length for the lower-limbs, and two girths (forearm and arm relaxed girth) are the key predictors. Stature and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the abovementioned ratios could have been derived. These findings highlighted the importance of considering somatic characteristics of young backstroke swimmers and can help swimming coaches to classify their swimmers and enable them to suggest what might be the swimmers’ most appropriate stroke (talent identification).